<p>Lake Gonzales is a reservoir on the Guadalupe River 4 miles  southeast of the town of Belmont in Gonzales County, Texas. The reservoir was formed in 1931 by the construction of a dam to provide hydroelectric power to the area. Management of the dam and lake was assume by the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority on May 1, 1963. Lake Gonzales also serves as a venue for outdoor recreation, including fishing, boating, swimming, camping and picnicing, and is maintained at a constant level year round.</p><br>
<p>Lake Gonzales is also known locally as H-4 Reservoir or Guadalupe Reservoir H-4.</p><br>
<h2>Fish and plant life</h2><br>
<p>Lake Gonzales has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing. Fish present in Lake Gonzales include catfish, white crappie, sunfish, sunfish, and largemouth bass. Vegetation in the lake includes cattail, pondweed, American lotus, spatterdock, rushes, water hyacinth, water lettuce, and hydrilla.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational uses</h2><br>
<p>Although there are no public parks on the shore of Lake Gonzales, a public access boat ramp is accessible from USA Highway 90A.</p><br>
<p>There are actually two sets of well-known Twin Peaks of the Wasatch Front in Utah. "Broads Fork" Twin Peaks, overlooking the Salt Lake Valley, and "American Fork" Twin Peaks which is located less than five miles to the southeast. "American Fork" Twin Peaks is actually the higher of the two, at 11,489 ft, and is the tallest peak of Salt Lake County. "Broads Fork" Twin Peaks is only 11,330 ft and the second highest of Salt Lake County. While standing atop either one, the other can easily be seen. American Fork Canyon lies on the southern flank of its Twins with Little Cottonwood Canyon to the north. Broads Fork Twins is also flanked by Little Cottonwood Canyon, but to the south and Broads Fork, a side-canyon of Big Cottonwood Canyon, to the north. Deaf Smith Canyon and Ferguson Canyon also make their short courses up the western side of Broads Fork Twin Peaks.</p><br>
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<p>Lake Placid is a reservoir on the Guadalupe River one half mile  southwest of the town of Seguin in Guadalupe County, Texas. The reservoir was formed in 1928 by the construction of a dam on the river. Management of the dam and lake was assumed by the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority on May 1, 1963. Lake Placid is a venue for outdoor recreation, including fishing, boating, and swimming.</p><br>
<h2>Fish and plant life</h2><br>
<p>Lake Placid has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing. Fish present in Lake Placid include catfish, white crappie, sunfish, and largemouth and spotted bass. Vegetation in the lake includes cattail, pondweed, American lotus, spatterdock, rushes, water hyacinth, water lettuce, and hydrilla.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational uses</h2><br>
<p>The only free public boat ramp and lake access is available off exit 605 of Interstate Highway 10.</p><br>
<p>Weavers Needle is a 1,000 ft column of rock that forms a distinctive peak visible for many miles around. Located in the Superstition Mountains east of Phoenix, Arizona, Weavers Needle was created when a thick layer of tuff  was heavily eroded, creating the spire as an erosional remnant with a summit elevation of 4,555 ft. It is set in a desert landscape of cactus and mesquite bush, with large Saguaro cacti particularly prominent. The peak was named after mountain man Pauline Weaver.</p><br>
<p>Weavers Needle has played a significant role in the stories of the Lost Dutchmans Gold Mine. The Needles shadow reportedly indicates the location of a rich vein of gold, and many treasure hunters have searched for it. The hunt for gold around Weavers Needle has been pursued by hundreds (possibly thousands) of people. Weavers Needle has a large split in the side that makes it look like it has two tops, not one. This can only be viewed from the side.</p><br>
<p>Weavers Needle can be climbed as a four-pitch route. Each of the pitches is rated a 5.0 or less, with the second pitch being more of a class 4 scramble. The route is trad, and opportunities for protection with traditional gear are ample. No permit is required to hike to Weavers Needle, or to climb, or to camp at the top. Highly experienced climbers will often free-solo, and rappel from the fixed anchors at the top. Despite the relatively low rating of the climb, this is not recommended for beginner or intermediate climbers.</p><br>
<p>Haft Tepe is an archaeological site situated in the Khuzestan Province in south-western Iran. At this site the remains of the Elamite city of Kabnak were discovered in 1908, and excavations are still carried out.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city of Kabnak is mentioned as an important political centre during the reign of the Elamite king Tepti-Ahar, the last king of the Kidinuid dynasty ruling in the 15th century BC. He may also have been buried in the city. After his death the centre of power returned to the old capital Susa, although there is no clear evidence that Kabnak ever held real power at all. Due to the turmoil of this era it is possible the construction of Kabnak was necessary after Tepti-Ahar lost control over Susa, however this theory has not been completely confirmed by solid proof. Some centuries later another city was built at the nearby site of Choqa Zanbil.</p><br>
<p>Excavations at Haft Tepe revealed a large temple founded by Tepti-Ahar where the god Kirwashir was worshiped. Beneath the temple lay a subterranean funerary complex intended for the king and his family. Skeletal remains were found in the tomb, though it is not certain they belong to royalty. Another large structure found at the site was perhaps the foundations of a ziggurat, along with courtyards and suites of rooms. The temple complex was decorated with bronze plates and wall paintings. Administrative texts belonging to the reigns of Tepti-Ahar and Inshushinak-zunkir-nappipir were also found at the site. Recently some clay statuettes of fertility goddesses have been unearthed at the site.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The site is around 1.5 km by 800 meters made up of 14 mounds with the highest being 17 meters high.</p><br>
<p>Haft Tepe was first surveyed by the French archaeologist Jacques de Morgan in 1908. The site was excavated in the period from 1965 to 1979 by a team from the University of Tehran, led by the Iranian archaeologist Ezzat Negahban. Since 2003 excavations have been carried out by a team of German-Iranian archaeologists, including the University of Mainz, University of Kiel and the Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization, headed by Behzad Mofidi in four seasons through 2008.</p><br>
<p>In the 2006 season a number of cuneiform administrative tablets were recovered and are now being translated. Funding has now been made avail to continue the work there.</p><br>
<p>The Temple of Harmony is an 18th-century folly in the grounds of Halswell House, Goathurst, Somerset, England.</p><br>
<p>The Temple of Harmony is a 1767 replica of the 1st-century Temple of Fortuna Virilis in Rome. The Temple stands in Mill Wood, a 17-acre (7 ha) pleasure garden in the grounds of Halswell House, and was built for Sir Charles Kemeys-Tynte in 1767 to designs by Thomas Prowse, with features by Robert Adam and Thomas Stocking. The Temple was dedicated to the memory of a mutual friend, Peregrine Palmer, formerly MP for Oxford University (d 1762).</p><br>
<p>The Temple has a slate roof and pedimental end gables, and is surrounded with Ionic columns and pilasters. It is aligned north-west/south-east, with the portico at the south-east end, facing Halswell House which lies some 470 m distant.</p><br>
<p>The Somerset Buildings Preservation Trust (SBPT) acquired the Temple in 1993 in a derelict condition, having been used for many years as a cattle shelter. It has now been restored, with grants from English Heritage and others, and is a Grade II* listed building. Its dimensions at its base are approximately 6.4 by, and it now has the addition of a tie bar, a long retaining bolt that runs through the structure from one side to the other, helping to keep it together.</p><br>
<p>John Walsh&#39;s marble statue in the temple depicting Terpsichore, the Muse of joy in the dance and lyric poetry, was dedicated to the memory of Thomas Prowse after his death in 1767. This was copied in 1999 and the copy is now located here. The original is in the Museum of Somerset, Taunton.</p><br>
<p>The Temple is owned and managed by the Halswell Park Trust and is occasionally opened to the public. It has recently been surrounded with unsightly deer fencing.</p><br>
<p>Haro is the name of a river that flows through parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab . Its main valley is in Abbottabad District in the North West Frontier Province of northern Pakistan, identified with the Rigvedic &#39;Arjikiya&#39;. Its coordinates are 33°46&#39;8" N and 72°14&#39;43" E in DMS  or 33.7689 and 72.2453 . Famous Khanpur Dam has been built on this river at Khanpur in the Haripur District to provide drinking water to the twin cities i.e. Islamabad  and Rawalpindi. The decrease in inlfows of Khanpur dam from Haro River results in water shortage in the twin cities during summer season.</p><br>
<p>It is fed by four major tributaries:</p><br>
<p>#The Lora Haro, rising in the Murree Hills around Lora</p><br>
<p>#The Satora Haro, rising in the Galiat Malach hills</p><br>
<p>#Both Lora Haro and Satora Haro merge at Dotara near Jabri</p><br>
<p>#The Neelan, rising in the Nara Hills</p><br>
<p>#The Kunhad, draining the area of Siribang and Dubran.</p><br>
<p>Minor tributaries include the following rivulets.</p><br>
<p>*Chanjah</p><br>
<p>*Jab Kattha</p><br>
<p>*Pakshahi Kattha</p><br>
<p>*Narota</p><br>
<p>*Muslimabad (Khota Qabar) Kattha</p><br>
<p>*Najafpur Kattha</p><br>
<p>This river joins the Indus River near Ghazi Barotha Dam.</p><br>
<p>Pequawket Brook is a 6.4 mi stream near the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. It lies within the watershed of the Saco River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean in Maine. The brook is under the jurisdiction of the New Hampshire Comprehensive Shoreland Protection Act.</p><br>
<p>Pequawket Brook rises in the town of Madison, New Hampshire, near a low height of land north of Silver Lake. The brook flows north past extensive sand and gravel excavations to Conway, where it enters Pequawket Pond, a natural pond that has been enlarged by an impoundment in the center of Conway village. Below the pond dam, the brook flows north for one-half mile to the Swift River, just one-half mile above the confluence with the Saco River.</p><br>
<p>New Hampshire Route 113 follows the brook in northern Madison. NH-16 follows the brook from NH-113 to Conway village.</p><br>
<p>The Conway Branch rail line follows the brook and ponds.</p><br>
<p>The Kingstree Historic District contains forty-eight properties situated along Main Street, Academy Street, and Hampton Street in the commercial area of downtown Kingstree, South Carolina. The district includes the courthouse, public library, railroad station, and numerous commercial buildings. The district is a fine collection of nineteenth-century vernacular commercial architecture. Details such as arched doorways and windows, cast-iron columns and pilasters, decorative or corbelled brickwork and pressed tin interior ceilings are present on most of the district’s buildings. The Williamsburg County Courthouse, built ca. 1823, and designed by Robert Mills, is a fine example of Roman neoclassical design with its raised first floor, pediment with lunette, and Doric columns. In 1953-54 the courthouse underwent substantial remodeling on the exterior and interior, though it still reflects much of Mill’s original design. With the exception of the courthouse, most of the buildings in the district were built between 1900 and 1920 when Kingstree enjoyed prosperity as a retail and tobacco marketing center of Williamsburg County. The majority of the buildings in the district are a visible record of this twenty-year growth and the historic fabric of the area remains substantially intact. The Kingstree Historic District was listed in the National Register of Historic Places June 28, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Temengor Dam or Temengor Hydro-Electric Project or Temengor Power Station is a dam in Gerik, Perak, Malaysia. It is located on Perak River about 200 km northeast of Ipoh. Construction of the dam impounded Temenggor Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Power station</h2><br>
<p>The power station is a hydroelectric power station, using 4 Hitachi turbines of 87 MW installed capacity and the average annual energy generation 900 million units. The station is operated by Tenaga Nasional. Since 1987 Temenggor has been unmanned and is remotely operated via a SCADA system at the Bersia Group Control Centre. In the late 1990s, facilities were added to enable Automatic generation control by TNB&#39;s National Load Despatch Centre in Kuala Lumpur.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Construction started in January 1974 and completed in mid-1978. The first unit commissioned on 1 October 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Technical specifications</h2><br>
<p>The permanent dam components are as follows:</p><br>
<p>*Main Dam</p><br>
<p>**Maximum height above foundation of 128 m, and crest length of 537 m, volume of fill is 7.09 million cubic metres.</p><br>
<p>**Crest elevation is 258 m above sea level (ASL), Full Supply Level (FSL) is at EL 248.42mSLE, average operating level is at EL244.00mSLE, minimum operating level for Unit 1, Unit 3 and Unit 4 is at EL 236.5mSLE. For Unit 2, it can go down to EL 221mSLE.</p><br>
<p>**Reservoir area at 245 m ASL is 152 km². Storage volume is 5,300 million cubic meters at EL 244.00mSLE. At FSL total storage is 6,050 million cubic meters.</p><br>
<p>*Power Intake Structure - 4 bays.</p><br>
<p>*Spillway- free flow spillway, weir with chute and flip bucket.</p><br>
<p>** Maximum discharge capacity at Reservoir Flood Level at EL 252.00mSLE is 2830m3/s. At this elevation the dam is holding 890million cubic meters of flood water or equivalent to 3months of annual average rainfall. This water will be discharge to downstream gradually in not less than one month.</p><br>
<p>*Power Tunnels - 4 tunnels.</p><br>
<p>**Length about 850 ft</p><br>
<p>** Average diameter 5.5m, steel lined</p><br>
<p>*Powerhouse</p><br>
<p>**surface powerhouse</p><br>
<p>**with 4 penstocks to powerhouse comprising 4 turbines of 87MW each, 4 air-cooled generators of 100MVA each and 4 transformers of 100MVA each.</p><br>
<p>** Turbine type is vertical Francis, manufactured by HITACHI of Japan. Turbine shaft rated output is about 90MW at rated gross head of 101m.</p><br>
<p>** Maximum plant discharge is 4X100m3/s.</p><br>
<p>** Plant rated annual energy production is 870GWh based on annual rainfall of 3,700 million cubic meters.</p><br>
<h2>Notable facts</h2><br>
<p>Temenggor Dam is now the third largest dam in Malaysia. It was once the largest dam and largest hydroelectric generation facility upon completion in 1979, before being overtaken by the Kenyir Dam in 1985. It holds a special place in the history of Malaysia for its military role in flooding the Upper Perak River and cutting off the communist terrorists&#39; infiltration route from the Betong salient in Thailand.</p><br>
<p>The Ellis River is a 16.7 mi river in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Saco River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean in Maine.</p><br>
<p>The Ellis River rises on the eastern slopes of Mount Washington, the highest peak in the northeastern United States. Flowing south, it is quickly joined by the Cutler River flowing out of Tuckerman and Huntington ravines, passes over Crystal Cascade, and reaches the floor of Pinkham Notch.</p><br>
<p>The river leaves the level ground at the high point of the notch by dropping 64 ft over Glen Ellis Falls. The falls are a short walk from Route 16, the highway through the notch. A U.S. Forest Service parking area, not far from the top of the falls, gives access to a well-maintained, hard-surfaced, short trail hugging the river to a point at the top of the falls, where there is a lookout nearly straight down into the gorge, and then the trail proceeds by a steep descent of stairs to the deep pool at the base of the falls.</p><br>
<p>The river continues south into the town of Jackson, New Hampshire, through a gradually widening valley, where it is joined by Wildcat Brook. Leaving the small intervale at Jackson village, the Ellis River drops over a hydroelectric dam at Goodrich Falls and reaches the Saco River near the village of Glen in the town of Bartlett.</p><br>
<p>New Hampshire Route 16 follows the Ellis River from the height of land in Pinkham Notch south to Glen.</p><br>
<p>Lough Melvin is a lake which is internationally renowned for its unique range of plants and animals. It is located in the northwest of the island of Ireland on the border between County Leitrim  and County Fermanagh .</p><br>
<p>The lake covers an area of 2000 hectares and is famous for its early "run" of Atlantic salmon. In relatively pristine condition, the lake and surrounding catchment area (265 km²) is valued for its recreational, heritage and environmental values by anglers, tourists, scientists and the local community. Otter, Arctic char, and three species of trout (sonaghan, gillaroo, ferox) are among the many species that live in or around the lake. Within the catchment, the endangered globeflower, Molinia meadows and sessile oak woodlands can be found.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation and protection</h2><br>
<p>Due to the diversity and rarity of Lough Melvin and its species, the lake has been designated as a candidate Special Area of Conservation (SAC) under the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) in Northern Ireland and Ireland. Within the Lough Melvin catchment, there are two other SACs (Arroo Mountain and West-Fermanagh Scarplands). SACs are prime wildlife conservation areas considered important at an international level. Those habitats and species designated as SAC&#39;s are required to be protected under EU law.</p><br>
<p>Lough Melvin is also considered a Nature Reserve and Site of Special Scientific Interest in Northern Ireland and an Area of Outstanding Beauty and Area of High Visual Amenity in Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The water quality was reported to be excellent with an oligotrophic rating. The ecology of Lough Melvin, and other Irish waterways, remain threatened by curly waterweed, zebra mussel, and freshwater clam invasive species.</p><br>
<h2>Fishes and angling</h2><br>
<p>Lough Melvin is one of Irelands famous angling loughs offering the chance of spring salmon from February to May, grilse from May to July and gillaroo, sonaghan and ferox trout throughout the season. Lough Melvin is also home to an endemic species of char, the Melvin charr or Grays charr (Salvelinus greyi).</p><br>
<p>A ghillie or boatman is strongly recommended to anglers unfamiliar with the lake.</p><br>
<h3>Gillaroo trout</h3><br>
<p>Lough Melvin is home to the gillaroo or Salmo stomachius, a species of trout which eats primarily snails. The name "gillaroo" is derived from the Irish language Giolla Rua, which means "Red Fellow". This is due to the fishes distinctive colouring. It has a bright buttery golden colour in its flanks with bright crimson and vermillion spots. The gillaroo feed almost exclusively on bottom living animals (snails, sedge fly larva and freshwater shrimp) with the exception of late summer when they come to the surface to feed and may be caught on the dry fly.</p><br>
<h3>Sonaghan trout</h3><br>
<p>The sonaghan trout (Salmo nigripinnis) is another species of salmonid unique to Lough Melvin. It can have a light brown or silvery hue with large, distinctive black spots. Its fins are dark brown or black with elongated pectorals. Sonaghan are found in areas of open, deep water, where they feed on mid-water planktonic organisms such as water fleas (Cladocera), midge (chironomid) pupae and phantom (Chaoborus) larvae. Sonaghan will be most readily located close to the surface over deep water. Fly-fishing with a team of wet flies fished in classic lough style (i.e. short, snappy casts from a boat drifting beam-on to the breeze) gives best chance of success. Sonaghan give a powerful and energetic fight out of all proportion to their size.</p><br>
<h3>Ferox trout</h3><br>
<p>The classic work carried out by Andrew Ferguson of Queens University on the genetics of the trout of Lough Melvin identified the ferox as a separate subspecies. The fish home to a specific spawning area and are reproductively isolated. They are also one of the oldest trout races to colonise Ireland, perhaps as old as 50,000 years. Ferox cannibalise brown trout (which returned to many of the same lakes when geological processes and climatic conditions allowed) and also prey on other fish species. The best method of capture is trolling, particularly with a Rapala type lure.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Local folklore tells of an old monk who was fishing late one night at the boat quay in the Rusheen – this is apparently the origins of the Gillaroo myth. The old monk had fasted for a long period and had nestled on Lough Melvins rocky shores to seek solace and find himself. Upon completing his period of abstinence he combed the surrounding landscape to quench his appetite. Having acquired a bounty of wild mushrooms from the grassy slopes of the Rusheen he proceeded to seek an adequate complement to his fungal feast. Lough Melvin provided the perfect source for having spent many days gazing upon its vast expanse he had watched in awe at the abundance of wild salmon and various trout like fish that frolicked in pursuit of unsuspecting insect life. After an evenings fishing the only luck he had was an eel which was hardly was worth roasting and a duck egg that he had managed to retrieve from a nest in a nearby reed bed. Becoming ever increasingly desperate and starving the Monk decided to make a cross in the sand and laid his catch within – this is why an eel will not leave a cross of sand if caught in the Lough! It was now that the Monk turned to his spiritual advisor asking him to reward him for his faithful fast – upon opening his eyes he saw that his eel and egg had turned into two of the most beautiful golden bellied trout, a fish so splendid that he simply could not eat, so he turned them free to multiply in the Lough!</p><br>
<h2>Panoramic view</h2><br>
<p>The Anti-Atlas , Lesser Atlas or Little Atlas is a mountain range in Morocco, a part of the Atlas Mountains in the northwest of Africa.</p><br>
<p>The Anti-Atlas is a desolate world of rocky outcrops and lunar landscapes where the contrasts are extreme. Most of the land is dry and barren, but water gathers and runs in some remote places, forming clear basins. Villages in the area are limited to a few small houses surrounded by palm trees.</p><br>
<p>In some contexts, the Anti-Atlas is considered separate from the Atlas mountain System, as the term "anti" implies.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The summits of the Anti-Atlas reach average heights of 2,500 -, with a few peaks reaching higher. To the north lies a plateau at 1700&ndash;1800 m in height. To the south lie the Sahara highlands at approximately 700 m. On the heights of Ouarzazate, the massif is cut through by the Draa valley, opening towards the south. The range is strongly fissured, particularly in a southerly direction.</p><br>
<p>The Anti-Atlas area is a traditionally Berber region, inhabited by the Chleuh group. It is sparsely inhabited and there are no large cities in the area. The main town is Tafraoute, which has been described as "Morocco&#39;s Berber heartland". There are cave paintings in certain areas of the range.</p><br>
<h3>Subranges</h3><br>
<p>The eastern prolongation of the Anti-Atlas is the Jbel Saghro range. The Jbel Sirwa is its northern prolongation, connecting with a section of the High Atlas range. The summit of Djebel Siroua, of volcanic origin, reaches 3304 m. The Jebel Bani is a much lower range running along the southern side of the Anti Atlas.</p><br>
<h3>Origins</h3><br>
<p>The basement rock of Africa (the African plate) was formed in the Precambrian (approximately 4,500 to 550 million years ago), and is much older than the Atlas mountains. The Anti-Atlas range developed even later.</p><br>
<p>The Anti-Atlas range formed in the Paleozoic (~300 million years ago), as a result of continental collisions. North America, Europe and Africa were connected as part of two former continents, Euramerica and Gondwana, which ground against one another to create the former Central Pangean Mountains. Evidence shows that the Anti-Atlas mountains were originally formed as part of the Alleghenian orogeny that also formed the Appalachians, formed when Gondwana (including Africa) and Euramerica (America) collided. There are indications they were once a chain of mountains far higher than the Himalayas are today.</p><br>
<p>More recently, in the Paleogene and Neogene Periods (66 million to ~1.8 million years ago), the remaining mountain chains that today comprise the Atlas were uplifted as the land masses of Europe and Africa collided at the southern end of the Iberian peninsula. Erosion continued to reduce the Anti-Atlas range so that it is today less massive than the High Atlas range to the north.</p><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<p>In the Anti-Atlas, the precipitation annually is typically below 200 mm, while the climatic conditions on the north and west slopes are locally more wet and agriculturally favorable. Climatically, the mountains are separated from the Mediterranean&#39;s influence by the High Atlas to its north, and therefore they belong to the Saharan climate zone. The driest area is the Jbel Saghro.</p><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>In the least dry areas to the west and the north, much of the land is covered with thyme, rosemary and other low-water-demand plants, such as argan. The quilt-like cover is endangered by overgrazing, and in the south little but thorn shrubs remain. The transition to the desert is gradual towards the south.</p><br>
<p>The Moroccan citron is growing there, and uses as Jewish Etrog.</p><br>
<h2>Human geography</h2><br>
<p>The Anti-Atlas area is a traditionally Berber region, inhabited by the Chleuh group. It is sparsely inhabited and there are no large cities in the area. The main town is Tafraoute, which has been described as "Morocco&#39;s Berber heartland". Often the distances between one village and another are great, without any human presence in between There are Neolithic cave paintings in certain areas of the range.</p><br>
<p>The landscape of the Anti-Atlas is marked by picturesque kasbah (small castles) in many places in the region. In former times, the kasbah was important as a place of shelter and as a supply depot for kinsmen. Close to these settlements, terraced fields with dry-stone retaining walls cover the landscape. However, increasingly houses are vacated and fields are left uncultivated. With the continued migration from the land, the irrigation systems necessary for agriculture are also decaying.</p><br>
<h3>Panoramic view</h3><br>
<p>Eleftherio-Kordelio  is a suburb of the Thessaloniki Urban Area and was a former municipality of the regional unit of Thessaloniki, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Kordelio-Evosmos, of which it is a municipal unit. It gained its present form in 1982, after the union of the then municipalities of Eleftheria and Neo Kordelio. They were formed in 1924 by Greek refugees from the town of Kordelio on the west coast of Asia Minor. In the Ottoman Empire the region and the small village that stood in the same area was known as Harman koy .</p><br>
<p>Eleftherio-Kordelio covers an area of 3.431 km² with 27,067 inhabitants in 2011. It&#39;s the stronghold of the nationalist LAOS Party that reached 10.25% of the municipal votes in the 2004 European elections.</p><br>
<p>Mount Susitna is a 4,396 ft mountain in the USA state of Alaska. It is located on the west bank of the lower Susitna River, about 33 mi northwest of Anchorage, Alaska. The mountain is a prominent landmark in the Anchorage area and can be seen across the Knik Arm of the Cook Inlet from most of the city, especially at higher elevations.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Mount Susitna is often called The Sleeping Lady for its resemblance to a recumbent woman. The name is thought to have originated from a short story written by Nancy Lesh and published in the Alaska Northern Lights magazine in the early 1960s. In the story, a woman named Susitna belonging to a race of giants vows to sleep until her beloved comes back from battle. In "The Sleeping Lady", a childrens picture book written by Ann Dixon in 1964, the giant woman fell asleep waiting for her beloved to return from battle, unaware that he had been killed. Dixon and her publisher were sued for their version of the story, but a judge ruled that the story had become a legend, and was therefore uncopyrightable. The mountains Dena&#39;ina name is Dghelishla, meaning "Little Mountain&quot in English it was simply named for the Susitna River which means Sandy River. "Dinglishna" in Alaska, such as in the name of the Dinglishna Hills, Alaska subdivision of Matanuska-Susitna Valley is a similar word which means "Little Ridge that Extends". This is pointed out on page 113 of the second edition of</p><br>
<p>Shem Petes Alaska 2003. In "A Denaina Legacy," Peter Kalifornsky a Dena&#39;ina Athabascan elder tells the story of the Mountain People who gathered at Susitna, and a giant lady who said she would lie down by the river she loved to become Susitna Mountain. Her relatives followed, Kalifornsky said, to become Mount Redoubt, Mount Iliamna and the Chigmit Mountain Range. Another wandered inland to become Denali.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<h3>Pleistocene</h3><br>
<p>Mt. Susitna is a roche moutonnée, a landform created when a glacier flows over a resistant, topographically high, bedrock body, creating a smooth-sided and teardrop shaped feature aligned with the direction of ice flow.</p><br>
<p>The Anchorage bowl topography has been influenced by 5-7 glaciations. Over several thousand years, thick ice sheets from the Talkeetna, Chugach and Alaska Ranges flowed down Cook Inlet. The five well documented glaciations from oldest to most recent were the Mt Susitna, Caribou Hills, Eklutna, Knik and Naptowne. The earliest glaciation in the Anchorage area is known as the Mount Susitna for the erratics and other glacial features found on the top of Mount Susitna. This is the time period when it obtained its characteristic streamlined shape. It is dated to the late Pliocene to the early Pleistocene (2-6 million years ago).</p><br>
<h3>Mesozoic</h3><br>
<p>Mt. Susitna is part of a suite of Jurassic plutons of quartz monzonite to granodiorite composition.</p><br>
<p>The Humboldt Arts Council  is the official Humboldt County, California, USA arts council, and is located in the Morris Graves Museum of Art .</p><br>
<p>Organized in 1966 and incorporated in 1971 as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation dedicated to providing opportunities for artists, developing arts education, and making the arts accessible through innovative and multicultural programs. The Council, as Humboldt County’s largest multidisciplinary arts organization, focuses on working in partnership with artists, arts organizations, community groups, and schools to strengthen the arts’ accessibility and impact as aesthetic, personal and social resources. The Council envisions that the importance of art will be evident in all aspects of life in Humboldt County, including homes, schools, businesses, and government. The Council is dedicated to providing leadership in support of the rich heritage of the arts on California’s North Coast, and to bringing this legacy fully into community life.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, HAC became the State Local Partner for the California Arts Council and the community representative for the California State Summer School for the Arts Program.</p><br>
<p>In 1996 the Humboldt Arts Council accepted an offer from the City of Eureka to undertake the effort to save the historic 1904 Carnegie Library building, which was destined for demolition. The former Carnegie Library had been a symbol of community pride and local culture for over 100 years. After the successful Carnegie Capital Campaign to raise $1.5 million from the local community, foundations and corporations, the Council began the restoration process in 1999 to convert the historic Carnegie building into a regional art museum and art center. On January 1, 2000 the Humboldt Arts Council and the community celebrated with a ribbon cutting ceremony to dedicate the Morris Graves Museum of Art (MGMA) for its new “Century of Service” to the community.</p><br>
<h2>Morris Graves Museum of Art</h2><br>
<p>The Morris Graves Museum of Art is located in Eureka, California. It was named after Morris Graves, a painter and founder of the Northwest School of Art in the Pacific Northwest. Prior to his death in 2001, he donated a substantial portion of his personal art collection, including some of his own works, and the use of his name to help with creation of the museum. It is located in the refurbished Eureka Carnegie Library building, which was the first Carnegie Library completed in California in 1904.</p><br>
<p>The museum is a member of the North American Reciprocal Museums program.</p><br>
<p>The Lost River Range is a high mountain range of the Rocky Mountains, located in central Idaho, in the northwestern United States.</p><br>
<p>It runs southeast for approximately 75 mi from the Salmon River near the community of Challis to the Snake River Valley near Arco. To the west are the valleys of the Salmon and the Big Lost Rivers, while to the east are the Little Lost River and Pashimeroi Valleys.</p><br>
<p>The range starts at the east bank of the Salmon River, at an elevation of about 5,000 ft. It quickly rises to Grouse Creek Mountain (11,085 ft, 3,378 m) and Dickey Peak (11,141 ft, 3,395 m), and then descends to Double Springs Pass, location of one of just two roads to cross the range. Nearby is an interpretive site explaining the effects of the magnitude 6.9 Borah Peak earthquake that hit the range on October 28, 1983. The Big Lost River Valley fell and the Lost River Range rose, leaving a fault scarp of up to 14 ft along the base of the mountains.</p><br>
<p>The range then rises into its high central section, which includes many of the state&#39;s highest peaks. Borah Peak, the highest, climbs to 12,662 ft. Further south are Mount Idaho (12,065 ft, 3,677 m), Leatherman Peak (12,228 ft, 3,727 m), Mount Church (over 12,200 ft, 3,720 m), Mount Breitenbach (12,140 ft, 3,700 m), and Lost River Mountain (12,078 ft, 3,681 m). To the east of this section of the range lie the remote canyons of the Upper Pashimeroi Valley, including scenic Merriam Lake.</p><br>
<p>The range then descends to Pass Creek Summit, the second road to cross its crest. It continues to King Mountain (10,612 ft, 3,235 m), a favorite site for hang gliders. Finally it descends sharply to the Snake River Valley near the community of Arco, at an elevation of 5,300 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>Yarrow Reservoir - named after the River Yarrow - is a reservoir in the Rivington chain in Anglezarke, Lancashire, England, and has a storage capacity second to Anglezarke Reservoir. Construction of the reservoir, designed by Liverpool Borough Engineer Thomas Duncan, began in 1867.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, several tons of fish were transported to this reservoir when the Upper Rivington reservoir was completely drained for essential maintenance work.</p><br>
<p>The construction of Yarrow Reservoir was described in Wm. Fergusson Irvine&#39;s book "A Short History Of The Township Of Rivington" :</p><br>
<p>On the banks of the reservoir is a face in the wall - an effigy carved into a large stone on top of the dry stone wall, which is said to depict an inspector who worked for the Liverpool Corporation and made workers&#39; lives a misery.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the reservoir meant that a small hamlet called Alance was flooded, centred on the rebuilt Alance Bridge, and a large dwelling was demolished - Turners Farm - which lives on in current maps only in name as Turners Embankment.</p><br>
<p>The key environmental issues in the Niger Delta of Nigeria relate to its petroleum industry.</p><br>
<p>The delta covers 20,000 km² within wetlands of 70,000 km² formed primarily by sediment deposition. Home to 20 million people and 40 different ethnic groups, this floodplain makes up 7.5% of Nigerias total land mass. It is the largest wetland and maintains the third-largest drainage basin in Africa. The Deltas environment can be broken down into four ecological zones: coastal barrier islands, mangrove swamp forests, freshwater swamps, and lowland rainforests.</p><br>
<p>This incredibly well-endowed ecosystem contains one of the highest concentrations of biodiversity on the planet, in addition to supporting abundant flora and fauna, arable terrain that can sustain a wide variety of crops, lumber or agricultural trees, and more species of freshwater fish than any ecosystem in West Africa. The region could experience a loss of 40% of its inhabitable terrain in the next thirty years as a result of extensive dam construction in the region. The carelessness of the oil industry has also precipitated this situation, which can perhaps be best encapsulated by a 1983 report issued by the NNPC, long before popular unrest surfaced:</p><br>
<h2>Oil spills in the Niger Delta</h2><br>
<h3>Extent of the problem</h3><br>
<p>Reports on the extent of the oil spills vary. The Department of Petroleum Resources estimated 1.89 million barrels of petroleum were spilled into the Niger Delta between 1976 and 1996 out of a total of 2.4 million barrels spilled in 4,835 incidents. (approximately 220 thousand cubic metres). A UNDP report states that there have been a total of 6,817 oil spills between 1976 and 2001, which account for a loss of three million barrels of oil, of which more than 70% was not recovered.</p><br>
<p>69% of these spills occurred off-shore, a quarter was in swamps and 6% spilled on land.</p><br>
<p>The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation places the quantity of petroleum jettisoned into the environment yearly at 2,300 cubic metres with an average of 300 individual spills annually. The largest individual spills include the blowout of a Texaco offshore station which in 1980 dumped an estimated 400,000 barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Guinea and Royal Dutch Shell&#39;s Forcados Terminal tank failure which produced a spillage estimated at 580,000 barrels. One source even calculates that the total amount of petroleum in barrels spilled between 1960 and 1997 is upwards of 100 million barrels.</p><br>
<h3>Causes</h3><br>
<p>Oil spills are a common event in Nigeria.</p><br>
<p>A reason that corrosion accounts for such a high percentage of all spills is that as a result of the small size of the oilfields in the Niger Delta, there is an extensive network of pipelines between the fields, as well as numerous small networks of flowlines—the narrow diameter pipes that carry oil from wellheads to flowstations—allowing many opportunities for leaks. In onshore areas most pipelines and flowlines are laid above ground. Pipelines, which have an estimate life span of about fifteen years, are old and susceptible to corrosion. Many of the pipelines are as old as twenty to twenty-five years.</p><br>
<p>Shell admits that "most of the facilities were constructed between the 1960s and early 1980s to the then prevailing standards. SPDC would not build them that way today.”</p><br>
<p>Sabotage is performed primarily through what is known as "bunkering", whereby the saboteur attempts to tap the pipeline. In the process of extraction sometimes the pipeline is damaged or destroyed. Oil extracted in this manner can often be sold.</p><br>
<p>Sabotage and theft through oil siphoning has become a major issue in the Niger River Delta states as well, contributing to further environmental degradation. Damaged lines may go unnoticed for days, and repair of the damaged pipes takes even longer. Oil siphoning has become a big business, with the stolen oil quickly making its way onto the black market.</p><br>
<p>While the popularity of selling stolen oil increases, the number of deaths are increasing. In late December 2006 more than 200 people were killed in the Lagos region of Nigeria in an oil line explosion.</p><br>
<p>Nigerian regulations of the oil industry are weak and rarely enforced allowing, in essence, the industry to self-regulate.</p><br>
<h3>Consequences</h3><br>
<p>Oil spillage has a major impact on the ecosystem into which it is released and may constitute ecocide. Immense tracts of the mangrove forests, which are especially susceptible to oil (mainly because it is stored in the soil and re-released annually during inundations), have been destroyed. An estimated 5 to 10% of Nigerian mangrove ecosystems have been wiped out either by settlement or oil. The rainforest which previously occupied some 7,400 km² of land has disappeared as well.</p><br>
<p>Spills in populated areas often spread out over a wide area, destroying crops and aquacultures through contamination of the groundwater and soils. The consumption of dissolved oxygen by bacteria feeding on the spilled hydrocarbons also contributes to the death of fish. In agricultural communities, often a year&#39;s supply of food can be destroyed instantaneously. Because of the careless nature of oil operations in the Delta, the environment is growing increasingly uninhabitable.</p><br>
<p>People in the affected areas complain about health issues including breathing problems and skin lesions; many have lost basic human rights such as health, access to food, clean water, and an ability to work.</p><br>
<p>On January 30, 2013, a Dutch court ruled that Shell is liable for the pollution in the Niger Delta.</p><br>
<h2>Loss of mangrove forests</h2><br>
<p>Vegetation in the Niger River Delta consists of extensive mangrove forests, brackish swamp forests, and rainforests. The large expanses of mangrove forests are estimated to cover approximately 5,000 to 8,580 km² of land. Mangroves remain very important to the indigenous people of Nigeria as well as to the various organisms that inhabit these ecosystems.</p><br>
<p>Human impact from poor land management upstream coupled with the constant pollution of petroleum has caused five to ten percent of these mangrove forests to disappear. The volatile, quickly penetrating, and viscous properties of petroleum have wiped out large areas of vegetation. When spills occur close to and within the drainage basin, the hydrologic force of both the river and tides force spilled petroleum to move up into areas of vegetation.</p><br>
<p>Mangrove forests are included in a highly complex trophic system. If oil directly affects any organism within an ecosystem, it can indirectly affect a host of other organisms. These floral communities rely on nutrient cycling, clean water, sunlight, and proper substrates. With ideal conditions they offer habitat structure, and input of energy via photosynthesis to the organisms they interact with. The effects of petroleum spills on mangroves are known to acidify the soils, halt cellular respiration, and starve roots of vital oxygen.</p><br>
<p>An area of mangroves that has been destroyed by petroleum may be susceptible to other problems. These areas may not be suitable for any native plant growth until bacteria and microorganisms can remediate the conditions. A particular species of mangrove, Rhizophora racemosa lives higher in the delta system. As the soils supporting R. racemosa become too toxic, a non-native invasive species of palm, Nypa fruticans, quickly colonizes the area. This invasive species has a shallower root system that destabilizes the banks along the waterways, further affecting sediment distribution lower in the delta system. N. fruticans also impedes navigation and decreases overall biodiversity. In places where N. fruticans has invaded, communities are investigating how the palm can be used by local people.</p><br>
<p>The loss of mangrove forests is not only degrading life for plants and animals, but for humans as well. These systems are highly valued by the indigenous people living in the affected areas. Mangrove forests have been a major source of wood for local people. They also are important to a variety of species vital to subsistence practices for local indigenous groups, who unfortunately see little to none of the economic benefits of petroleum. Mangroves also provide essential habitat for rare and endangered species like the manatee and pygmy hippopotamus. Poor policy decisions regarding the allocation of petroleum revenue has caused political unrest in Nigeria. This clash among governing bodies, oil corporations, and the people of Nigeria has resulted in sabotage to petroleum pipelines, further exacerbating the threat to mangrove forests.</p><br>
<p>The future for mangrove forests and other floral communities is not all negative. Local and outside groups have provided funds and labor to remediate and restore the destroyed mangrove swamps. The federal government of Nigeria established the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) in 2000 which aims to suppress the environmental and ecological impacts petroleum has had in the region. Governmental and nongovernmental organizations have also utilized technology to identify the source and movement of petroleum spills.</p><br>
<h2>Depletion of fish populations</h2><br>
<p>The fishing industry is an essential part of Nigeria’s sustainability because it provides much needed protein and nutrients for people, but with the higher demand on fishing, fish populations are declining as they are being depleted faster than they are able to restore their number. Fishing needs to be limited along the Niger River and aquacultures should be created to provide for the growing demand on the fishing industry. Aquaculture allows for fish to be farmed for production and provide more jobs for the local people of Nigeria.</p><br>
<p>Overfishing is not the only impact on marine communities. Climate change, habitat loss, and pollution are all added pressures to these important ecosystems. The banks of the Niger River are desirable and ideal locations for people to settle. The river provides water for drinking, bathing, cleaning, and fishing for both the dinner table and trading to make a profit. As the people have settled along the shores of the rivers and coasts, marine and terrestrial habitats are being lost and ecosystems are being drastically changed. The shoreline along the Niger River is important in maintaining the temperature of the water because the slightest change in water temperature can be fatal to certain marine species. Trees and shrubs provide shade and habitat for marine species, while reducing fluctuation in water temperature.</p><br>
<p>The Niger River is an important ecosystem that needs to be protected, for it is home to 36 families and nearly 250 species of fish, of which 20 are endemic, meaning they are found nowhere else on Earth. With the loss of habitat and the climate getting warmer, every prevention of temperature increase is necessary to maintain some of the marine environments. Other than restoring habitat, pollution can also be reduced. Problems such as pesticides from agricultural fields could be reduced if a natural pesticide was used, or the fields were moved farther away from the local waterways. Oil pollution can be lowered as well; if spills were reduced then habitat and environmental impacts could be minimized. Oil contamination affects the fish population and affects the farmers that rely on fishing to support their family. By enforcing laws and holding oil companies accountable for their actions the risk of contamination can be greatly reduced. By limiting the devastation caused by disturbances to the marine environment, such as pollution, overfishing, and habitat loss, the productivity and biodiversity of the marine ecosystems would increase.</p><br>
<h2>Water hyacinth invasion</h2><br>
<p>Water hyacinth is an invasive species that was introduced into Africa as an ornamental plant, and which thrives in polluted environments. Water hyacinth has the capability to completely clog the waterways in which it grows, making it nearly impossible to navigate fishing boats. In recent years it has found its way into the Niger River, choking out both sunlight and oxygen to the marine organisms that live there.</p><br>
<p>When a species such as water hyacinth makes its way into the ecosystem, it competes with native plants for sunlight, diminishing energy resources within the marine environment. With the loss of energy some populations will not be able to survive, or their numbers may drop beyond a point of no return, creating a threatened environment. Added to the loss of energy, water hyacinth also takes up and depletes the water of oxygen which is essential to the livelihood of all marine organisms.</p><br>
<h2>Natural gas flaring</h2><br>
<p>Nigeria flares more natural gas associated with oil extraction than any other country, with estimates suggesting that of the 3.5 billion cubic feet (100,000,000 m³) of associated gas (AG) produced annually, 2.5 billion cubic feet (70,000,000 m³), or about 70%, is wasted by flaring. This equals about 25% of the UKs total natural gas consumption and is the equivalent to 40% of Africas gas consumption in 2001. Statistical data associated with gas flaring are notoriously unreliable, but Nigeria may waste US$2 billion per year by flaring associated gas.</p><br>
<p>Flaring is done as it is costly to separate commercially viable associated gas from the oil. Companies operating in Nigeria also harvest natural gas for commercial purposes but prefer to extract it from deposits where it is found in isolation as non-associated gas. Thus associated gas is burned off to decrease costs.</p><br>
<p>Gas flaring is generally discouraged as it releases toxic components into the atmosphere and contributes to climate change. In western Europe 99% of associated gas is used or re-injected into the ground. Gas flaring in Nigeria began simultaneously with oil extraction in the 1960s by Shell-BP. Alternatives to flaring are gas re-injection or to store it for use as an energy source. If properly stored, the gas could be used for community projects.</p><br>
<p>Gas flaring releases of large amounts of methane, which has a high global warming potential. The methane is accompanied by the other major greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, of which Nigeria was estimated to have emitted more than 34.38 million metric tons of in 2002, accounting for about 50% of all industrial emissions in the country and 30% of the total CO2 emissions. While flaring in the west has been minimized, in Nigeria it has grown proportionally with oil production.</p><br>
<p>The international community, the Nigerian government, and the oil corporations seem in agreement that gas flaring needs to be curtailed. Efforts to do so, however, have been limited although flaring has been declared illegal since 1984 under section 3 of the "Associated Gas Reinjection Act" of Nigeria.</p><br>
<p>While OPEC and Shell, the biggest flarer of natural gas in Nigeria, alike claim that only 50% of all associated gas is burnt off via flaring, these data are contested. The World Bank reported in 2004 that, "Nigeria currently flares 75% of the gas it produces."</p><br>
<p>Gas flares have potentially harmful effects on the health and livelihood of nearby communities, as they release poisonous chemicals including nitrogen dioxides, sulphur dioxide, volatile organic compounds like benzene, toluene, xylene and hydrogen sulfide, as well as carcinogens like benzapyrene and dioxins. Humans exposed to such substances can suffer from respiratory problems. These chemicals can aggravate asthma, cause breathing difficulties and pain, as well as chronic bronchitis. Benzene, known to be emitted from gas flares in undocumented quantities, is well recognized as a cause for leukemia and other blood-related diseases. A study done by Climate Justice estimates that exposure to benzene would result in eight new cases of cancer yearly in Bayelsa State alone.</p><br>
<p>Gas flares are often close to communities and regularly lack fencing or protection for villagers who risk working near their heat. Many communities claim that nearby flares cause acid rain which corrodes their homes and other structures, many of which have zinc-based roofing. Some people resort to using asbestos-based material, which is stronger in repelling acid rain deterioration. Unfortunately, this contributes to their declining health and the health of their environment. Asbestos exposure increases the risk of forming lung cancer, pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, and asbestosis.</p><br>
<p>Whether or not flares contribute to acid rain is debatable, as some independent studies conducted have found that the sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxide content of most flares was insufficient to establish a link between flaring and acid rain. Other studies from the USA Energy Information Administration (EIA) report that gas flaring is "a major contributor to air pollution and acid rain."</p><br>
<p>Older flares are rarely relocated away from villages and are known to coat the land and communities with soot and to damage adjacent vegetation. Almost no vegetation can grow in the area directly surrounding the flares due to their heat.</p><br>
<p>In November 2005 a judgment by the Federal High Court of Nigeria ordered that gas flaring must stop in a Niger Delta community as it violates guaranteed constitutional rights to life and dignity. In a case brought against the Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (Shell), Justice C. V. Nwokorie ruled in Benin City that "the damaging and wasteful practice of flaring cannot lawfully continue." As of May 2011, Shell had not ceased gas flaring in Nigeria.</p><br>
<h2>Biological remediation</h2><br>
<p>The use of biological remediation has also been implemented in areas of the delta to detoxify and restore ecosystems damaged by oil spills. Bioremediation involves biological components in the remediation or cleanup of a specific site. A study conducted in Ogbogu located in one of the largest oil producing regions of Nigeria has utilized two plant species to clean up spills. The first stage of cleanup involves Hibiscus cannabinus, a plant species indigenous to West Africa. H. cannabinus is an annual herbaceous plant originally used for pulp production. This species has high rates of absorbency and can be laid down on top of the water to absorb oil. The oil saturated plant material is then removed and sent to a safe location where the hydrocarbons can be broken down and detoxified by microorganisms. The second stage of bioremediation involves a plant known as Vetiveria zizanioides, a perennial grass species. V. zizanioides has a deep fibrous root network that can both tolerate chemicals in the soil and can also detoxify soils through time requiring little maintenance. The people of Ogbogu hope to use these methods of bioremediation to improve the quality of drinking water, soil conditions, and the health of their surrounding environment.</p><br>
<p>However bleak this situation may seem for the Niger Delta region there are clearly alternatives that can be implemented to save it from future contamination. Satellite imagery combined with the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can be put to work to quickly identify and track spilled oil. To hasten the cleanup of spills, regional cleanup sites along the problem areas could help contain spills more quickly. To make these tasks feasible more funding must be provided by the stakeholders of the oil industry. Nongovernmental organizations will keep fighting the damaging effects of oil, but will not win the battle alone.</p><br>
<p>The Tell Atlas  is a mountain chain over 1,500 km in length, belonging to the Atlas mountain ranges in North Africa, stretching from Morocco, through Algeria to Tunisia.</p><br>
<p>The ranges of this system have average elevations of about 1,500 m and form a natural barrier between the Mediterranean and the Sahara. Its highest summit is the 2,308 m high Lalla Khedidja in the Jurjura Range.</p><br>
<p>Several large cities such as the Algerian capital, Algiers, with ~1,500,000 residents (2005) and Oran with ~770,000 residents (2005) lie at the base of the Tell Atlas. The Algerian city Constantine with approximately 505,000 residents (2005) lies 80 km inland and directly in the mountains at 650 meters in elevation. A number of smaller towns and villages are situated within the Tell; for example, Chiffa is nestled within the Chiffa gorge.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Tell Atlas runs parallel to the Mediterranean coast. Together with the Saharan Atlas to the south it forms the northernmost of two more or less parallel ranges which approach one another towards the east, remaining quite distinct from one another in Western Algeria and merging in Eastern Algeria. At the western end, it ends at the Rif and Middle Atlas ranges in Morocco. The Tell Atlas are also a distinct physiographic section of the larger Atlas Mountains province, which in turn is part of the larger African Alpine System physiographic division.</p><br>
<p>The Tell Atlas and the Saharan Atlas form two natural barriers, the first against the Mediterranean and the second against the Sahara. Between them lies the valley of the Chelif and various lesser rivers.</p><br>
<p>South of the Tell Atlas is the high plateau of the Hautes Plaines (~1000 m in elevation) with level terrain where water collects during the wet season, forming large shallow salt lakes which become salt flats as they dry. Agriculture includes grazing of sheep and goats on grass in better-watered high plateau areas and some farming; dry-land barley is grown there.</p><br>
<p>The Chelif is a 725 km long river with headwaters in the Tell Atlas to its discharge into the Mediterranean. The Chelif is characterized by an extremely fertile valley. Other noteworthy rivers having their sources in this range are the Medjerda and the Seybouse River.</p><br>
<p>Only seasonal streams are found flowing south from the Tell Atlas.</p><br>
<h2>Climate and vegetation</h2><br>
<p>The Tell Atlas enjoys a typical Mediterranean climate, warm with dry summers and mild, rainy winters with snow at upper elevations. As a consequence, the northern slopes of the Tell Atlas are forested with the endemic Abies numidica, and Atlas cedar, pine, and cork oak. In the summer a hot, dry wind, the Sirocco, blows north from the Sahara across the Tell Atlas, causing dusty, dry conditions along the northern coast of Africa.</p><br>
<p>Despite the arid climate, some agriculture for barley and wheat farming is found in the Tell Atlas region. The Chiffa gorge is situated within the Tell Atlas; this location is one of the few remaining habitats for the endangered primate, the Barbary macaque, Macaca sylvanus.</p><br>
<p>Eram Garden  is a historic Persian garden in Shiraz, Iran.The garden, and the building within it, are located at the northern shore of the Khoshk River in the Fars province.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Both the building and the garden were built during the middle of thirteenth century by the Ilkhanate or a paramount chief of the Qashqai tribes of Pars. The original layout of the garden however, with its quadripartite Persian Paradise garden structure was most likely laid in eleventh century by the Seljuqs, and was then referred to as Bāgh-e Shāh ("The emperor&#39;s garden" in Persian) and was much less complicated or ornamental. Cornelius de Bruyn, a traveller from the Netherlands, wrote a description of the gardens in the eighteenth century.</p><br>
<p>Over its 150 years the structure has been modified, restored or stylistically changed by various participants. It was one of the properties of noble Shiraz Qavami Family.The building faces south along the long axis. It was designed by a local architect, Haji Mohammad Hasan. The structure housed 32 rooms on two stories, decorated by tiles with poems from the poet Hafez written on them. The structure underwent renovation during the Zand and Qajar dynasties.</p><br>
<p>In 1965, Sir Denis Wright, a British ambassador in Iran, was invited by the Chancellor of Shiraz University, Asadollah Alam, to a party in Eram Garden for Princess Alexandra of the Oglivy. The compound came under the protection of Pahlavi University during the Pahlavi era, and was used as the College of Law.</p><br>
<p>The building also housed the Asia Institute.</p><br>
<p>Today, Eram Garden and building are within Shiraz Botanical Garden (established 1983) of Shiraz University. They are open to the public as a historic landscape garden. They are World Heritage Site, and protected by Iran&#39;s Cultural Heritage Organization.</p><br>
<p>The Cannonsville Reservoir is a reservoir in Delaware County, New York, that was formed by the Cannonsville Dam at the west end of the reservoir, impounding over half of the West Branch of the Delaware River. It is the westernmost of New York City&#39;s reservoirs, being at the western portion of the Delaware Watershed. Placed in service in 1964, it is the most recently constructed New York City-owned reservoir. The town of Cannonsville was destroyed to make room for the reservoir. The reservoir lies within the towns of Tompkins and Deposit.</p><br>
<p>It has the largest drainage basin of all of the NYC reservoirs, being at 455 square miles (1178 km). The reservoir&#39;s capacity is 95.7 e9USgal. This water flows over halfway through the reservoir to enter the 44 mi West Delaware Tunnel in Tompkins, New York. Then it flows through the aqueduct into the Rondout Reservoir, where the water enters the 85 mi Delaware Aqueduct.</p><br>
<p>The Delaware Aqueduct then continues through the West Branch Reservoir and the Kensico Reservoir in Westchester and Putnam counties north of the city. The aqueduct continues further south through the Hillview Reservoir in Yonkers, and then continues through The Bronx, Queens, and Brooklyn, eventually ending in Staten Island, providing New York City with about 50% of their drinking water.</p><br>
<p>The Cannonsville Dam is being considered as a site for a 14.08MW hydroelectric generating station.</p><br>
<p>The Lusatian Lake District  is a chain of artificial lakes being constructed in Germany across the north-eastern part of Saxony and the southern part of Brandenburg. Through flooding as a part of an extensive regeneration programme, several decommissioned lignite opencast mines are in the process of being transformed into Europe&#39;s largest artificial lake district by 2018. However, the requirements of the project, especially the necessary water resources, are controversial.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Lusatian Lake District lies in Lusatia between Calau in Brandenburg and Görlitz in Saxony. The extent of what will become Europe&#39;s largest artificial lake district is an area 80 kilometres from east to west and, depending on the boundary chosen, 32 to 40 kilometres from north to south.</p><br>
<p>A distinction is made between the German terms Seenland ("lake district") and Seenkette ("chain of lakes"). The "Lusatian Lake Chain" (Lausitzer Seenkette) refers to those lakes that are linked by navigable canals. They are located in the centre of Lusatia between Senftenberg and Hoyerswerda, and include Lake Senftenberg which has developed since 1973 into an important recreational and tourist centre.</p><br>
<h2>Formation</h2><br>
<p>Since the end of the 19th century, the area had been an industrial region, producing lignite and electricity. With the reunification of Germany in 1990, it was decided to end this long tradition because of the dwindling quantity of lignite and the heavy pollution of the surrounding environment. Although mining continues and some big power stations continue to produce electricity with lignite, all industrial activity should cease by 2020.</p><br>
<p>Since the 1970s, some of the old pits left by the mining process have been transformed into a new landscape formerly unknown in this region. What was once a plain overgrown with heather and a few trees is now a lake district comparable to the Mecklenburg Lake Plateau in Mecklenburg or the Masurian Lakeland in Poland. It all began with the creation of the Knappensee and Lake Senftenberg, still one of the biggest lakes in the region.</p><br>
<h2>Lakes</h2><br>
<p>Further lakes have already been established, and plans for over twenty more large lakes have been drawn up.</p><br>
<p>Lakes that have already been created include:</p><br>
<p>in the north: the Gräbendörfer See, Altdöberner See and Bergheiner See</p><br>
<p>in the centre: Lake Senftenberg, Ilsesee, Sedlitzer See, Partwitzer See, Geierswalder See, Neuwieser See, Blunoer Südsee, Sabrodter See, Bergener See and Spreetaler See</p><br>
<p>in the south: the Bernsteinsee, Scheibesee, Dreiweiberner See, Speicherbecken Lohse II, Silbersee/Mortkasee, Knappensee and Graureihersee.</p><br>
<p>These are not the only artificial lakes that have been and will be created in eastern Germany. Around the city of Leipzig, a new lake district is starting to develop, and there are other examples, such as the Bärwalder See and Berzdorfer See near the city of Görlitz in Upper Lusatia.</p><br>
<p>Tino is an Italian island situated in the Ligurian Sea, at the westernmost end of the Gulf of La Spezia. It is part of an archipelago of three closely spaced islands jutting out south from the mainland at Portovenere. The largest of the three, Palmaria, lies to the north and the tiny Tinetto to the south.</p><br>
<p>In 1997, the archipelago, together with Portovenere and the Cinque Terre, was designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The patron saint of the Gulf of La Spezia, Saint Venerius, is said to have lived in on the island as a hermit, and later as abbot, until his death in 630. His feast is celebrated here annually on 13 September. It is thought that a sanctuary was constructed at the place of Venerio&#39;s death to contain his remains and that this was extended to form a monastery in eleventh century. The remains of the monastery can be seen on the northern coast of the island.</p><br>
<p>Today the island, which is part of a military zone, is surmounted by the San Venerio Lighthouse.</p><br>
<p>Geumjeongsan  is a mountain in the city of Busan in South Korea. It covers a large surface that extends into Dongnae-gu in the south, Buk-gu in the west, Geumjeong-gu in the east, and the city of Yangsan in the north. Its highest peak, Godang-bong, the highest peak in the region, stands at 801.5 meters on the city limit between Busan and Yangsan.</p><br>
<p>Geumjeongsan is the city&#39;s most popular hiking destination, and thousands of people climb it during the week-ends. The top can easily be reached using the cable-car in Geumgang Park near Oncheonjang station or by taking the bus from Oncheonjang station to Saseongmaeul on the mountain top.</p><br>
<p>Sanseongmaeul (산성마을) is a small rural community built in the mountain valley, isolated from the surrounding city. It includes a few agricultural fields and livestock pastures on the valley sides. The place is well known for its speciality meal: "barbecued goat meat".</p><br>
<p>Geumjeongsan is renowned for the Geumjeongsanseong built on top of the mountain and Beomeo Temple on its north-east side.</p><br>
<h2>Godangbong</h2><br>
<p>Godangbong is the highest peak on the mountain. It stands at an altitude of 801.5 meters on the city limit between Busan and Yangsan. Its summit gives a great view of the surroundings, including Gimhae International Airport in Gangseo-gu. On very clear days it is possible to see the cities of Gimhae and Jinhae further to the south-west and the mountain relief of Tsushima Island half-way in the Korea Strait.</p><br>
<h2>Geumsaem</h2><br>
<p>Geumseam (; literally Golden fountain) is a naturally formed cavity on top of a granite boulder standing off a cliff about 500 meters east of Godang-bong.</p><br>
<p>According to the legend a golden fish (Geumeo, 그머) came down from the world of Brahma on a 5-coloured cloud and took residence in the golden fountain. The fountain is said to never dry and the colour of its water is always gold. The names of the mountain and Beomeo temple originated from that legend.</p><br>
<p>Today the legend is still represented in the symbols of Geumjeong-gu. The gus logo represent the fountain and the gus character is a cartoon representation of Geumeo.</p><br>
<p>The Beresford, at 211 Central Park West, between 81st and 82nd Streets, is a luxury, 23-floor "pre-war" apartment building in New York City.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Designed by the architect Emery Roth, The Beresford, completed in 1929, is one of the most prestigious addresses in Manhattan and one of citys most elite co-ops running along Central Park West. In recent years, apartments have sold for between $3 million and $22 million. One unit is currently listed for $62 million, making it one of Manhattans most expensive properties. It is one of four Roth apartment blocks on Central Park West, including The El Dorado, The San Remo, and The Ardsley. The Beresford is the largest by volume. Its mass is relieved by horizontal belt courses, staggered setbacks governed by the 1916 Zoning Resolution, which provide some apartments with terraces, and architectural detailing that gives an impression of Georgian houses embedded in the mass. It takes its name from the Hotel Beresford, which had occupied the site since 1889. The Beresford has two very prominent street-front facades, crowned by its three distinctive octagonal copper-capped corner towers, the eastern facade overlooks Central Park; and the southern facade overlooks Theodore Roosevelt Park, the park that contains the American Museum of Natural History.</p><br>
<p>The massive block is opened to the west, giving it a U-shape, wrapped round a central court. Three elevators give separate access to small foyers, originally each accessing two apartments of a scale that was eliminated in New York, both by the stock market crash and the new Multiple Dwellings Law.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>The building&#39;s residents have included comedian Jerry Seinfeld, actress Glenn Close, singer Diana Ross, fund manager Bill Ackman, reporter John Stossel, musician Laura Nyro, and film producer David Brown and his wife Helen Gurley Brown, editor of Cosmopolitan magazine.</p><br>
<p>The Newnansville Town Site was where the town of Newnansville was located. It is approximately 1.5 miles northeast of Alachua, Florida, on S.R. 235 off of US 441. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 4, 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Bellamy Road</h3><br>
<p>In 1824, only five years after Florida became a United States territory (and the same year that Alachua County itself was created), Congress authorized the construction of its first federal highway. It would connect Pensacola to St. Augustine. The Territorial Council commissioned John Bellamy, a Monticello planter, to build it. The project took two years to complete, at a cost of $20,000. The route would become known as the Bellamy Avenue. It was a major highway until the Civil War, when other roads became preferred routes. A few of the places it passed were: the town of Traxler, the Santa Fe Taloca Spanish Mission, and what would become Newnansville.</p><br>
<h3>Newnansville</h3><br>
<p>The Dell brothers, who had earlier (during the "Patriot War") visited the Alachua County area, came back to settle there in 1814. They constructed a post office on the Bellamy Avenue in 1826, called Dell&#39;s, which became the nucleus of the new settlement.</p><br>
<p>In 1828, the Council named the small community Newnansville (in honor of a Patriot War hero, Daniel Newnan), and made it the county seat. From 1835 through 1842, the town and nearby Fort Gilleland were refugee centers for many displaced by the Second Seminole War.</p><br>
<p>Following that, the town flourished, becoming the center for trade and plantation life in the area. It mainly produced corn, cotton, and, after the Civil War, citrus. Not including a period between 1832 and 1839, Newnansville was the Alachua County seat until 1854. At that time, it was relocated to the newly created railroad town of Gainesville. The courthouse was moved to Gainesville as well in 1856. This was the beginning of the end for Newnansville.</p><br>
<p>Two major factors contributed to its continuing decline. In 1884 the Savannah, Florida, and Western Railroad bypassed it by a mile and a half to the southwest. A new town, Alachua, grew up there. Then in the winter of 1886, a major freeze ruined the citrus crop. This, plus the lack of railway connections, led businesses and residents to move to the prospering communities of Alachua and Gainesville. By the middle of the twentieth century, all that was left of Newnansville were two cemeteries and the remains of a road.</p><br>
<p>Ugljan  is a Croatian island and the first in the Zadar Archipelago. It is located northwest of the island of Pašman and southeast of the islands of Rivanj and Sestrunj. Separated from the mainland by the Zadar Channel, it is connected with the island of Pašman by the Ždrelac Bridge spanning over the Ždrelac Strait. Area 50.21 km², population 6,049 , length 22 km, width up to 3.8 km.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The island was first mentioned under its present name in 1325. The continuity of population dates back to the Neolithic. Densely populated during the Roman period, in particular its north-western parts, where ample ruins of ancient buildings have been found. The present settlements date back to the Middle Ages. It is also home to Califfi Castle.</p><br>
<p>The limestone part of the island is covered predominantly with macchia, while the dolomite area is occupied by farmland. Larger coves are Muline in the northwest, Lamjana Vela and Lamjana Mala in the southeast. The eastern coast descends mildly to the sea, characterized by many indents.</p><br>
<p>Ugljan is one of the most densely populated Croatian islands. All settlements (Preko, Ugljan, Lukoran, Sutomišćica, Poljana, Kali, Ošljak and Kukljica) are situated along the coast of the cultivated eastern side of the island. Major crops include olives, figs and vines. Set high above Preko are the ruins of St. Michael Fort. Ugljan has a regional road connected by the bridge with the regional road running along the island of Pašman. Ferry port in Preko; ferry connections with Zadar.</p><br>
<p>Lake Wood is a reservoir on the Guadalupe River 4 miles  west of the town of Gonzales in Gonzales County, Texas. The reservoir was formed in 1931 by the construction of a dam to provide hydroelectric power to the area. Management of the dam and lake was assumed by the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority on May 1, 1963. Lake Wood also serves as a venue for outdoor recreation, including fishing and boating.</p><br>
<p>Lake Wood is also known locally as H-5 Reservoir or Guadalupe Reservoir H-5.</p><br>
<h2>Fish and plant life</h2><br>
<p>Lake Wood has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing. Fish present in Lake Wood include catfish, white crappie, sunfish, and largemouth bass. Vegetation in the lake includes cattail, pondweed, American lotus, spatterdock, rushes, water hyacinth, water lettuce, and hydrilla.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational uses</h2><br>
<p>The Guadalupe-Blaco River Authority maintains a 35-acre (14 ha) park with a store on the lake with facilities for camping, canoeing, and fishing.</p><br>
<p>Meadow Lake is a reservoir on the Guadalupe River south of the town of Seguin in Guadalupe County, Texas. The reservoir was formed in 1931 by the construction of a dam to provide hydroelectric power to the area. Management of the dam and lake was assumed by the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority on May 1, 1963. Meadow Lake also serves as a venue for outdoor recreation, including fishing and boating.</p><br>
<p>Meadow Lake is also known locally as Lake Nolte.</p><br>
<h2>Fish and plant life</h2><br>
<p>Meadow Lake has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing. Fish present in Meadow Lake include catfish, spotted bass, white crappie, sunfish, and largemouth bass. Vegetation in the lake includes cattail, pondweed, American lotus, spatterdock, rushes, water hyacinth, water lettuce, and hydrilla.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational uses</h2><br>
<p>There is no free public access to the lake. One private boat ramp exists, for which a small fee is charge.</p><br>
<p>The Oglio  is a left-side tributary of the Po River in Lombardy, Italy. It is 280 km long.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The Oglio is formed from the confluence of two mountain streams, the Narcanello from the Presena Glacier, in the Adamello group and the Frigidolfo, originating from Lake Ercavallo, in the Corno dei Tre Signori, part of the Stelvio National Park. The streams merge near Pezzo di Ponte di Legno.</p><br>
<p>It flows in a southwest direction, through Valcamonica and enters into the Lake Iseo at Costa Volpino. It leaves Lake Iseo at Sarnico and, after traveling a zone of moraine deposits, it joins the Po river at Torredoglio, not far from Cesole and Scorzarolo, in the province of Mantua. Its drainage basin, which corresponds to the region of Valle Camonica, covers 6,649 km&sup2;. It is part of the larger Po-Adige basin.</p><br>
<p>Lake Dunlap is a reservoir on the Guadalupe River near the town of New Braunfels in Guadalupe County, Texas, United States. The reservoir was formed in 1931 by the construction of a dam to provide hydroelectric power to the area. Management of the dam and lake was assumed by the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority on May 1, 1963. Lake Dunlap also serves as a venue for outdoor recreation, including fishing and boating.</p><br>
<h2>Fish and plant life</h2><br>
<p>Lake Dunlap has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing. Fish present in Lake Dunlap include catfish, crappie, striped bass, and largemouth bass.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational uses</h2><br>
<p>The only free public access to the lake is a boat ramp located at the overpass of Interstate Highway 35 in New Braunfels. Lake Dunlap proudly offers mostly calm water due to its narrow size (in parts) and being protected of wind by shoreline trees. Wakeboarders, skiers and other recreational enthusiasts use Lake Dunlap daily due to its family friendly calmness, temperature and status of near-private lake. Boaters should use extreme caution as the lake has numerous unmarked stumps.</p><br>
<p>The Coughlin Campanile was completed on the campus of South Dakota State University  in 1929. At a cost of seventy-five thousand dollars, it was a gift to the University from Charles Coughlin, a graduate from the class of 1909. The Campanile is a chimes tower that rises to 165 feet with 180 steps to the top observation platform open to the public, and is located on Medary Avenue. The towers chimes cover three octaves and can be "played" manually from an organ in the nearby Lincoln Music Hall. The Campanile also appears in SDSUs business logo and on most letterheads.</p><br>
<p>In August 2000, as a part of "Visions for the Future" campaign, over 4,000 alumni and businesses donated a total of $540,000 to have the Campanile restored. This restoration included mortar work and replacement of parts of the limestone base.</p><br>
<p>For many years the Coughlin Campanile was the tallest structure in South Dakota, and is today an iconic structure both on campus, and across the larger Brookings community.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architects Perkins & McWayne.</p><br>
<p>Its distinctive red lamp at the top is a familiar beacon on a dark prairie night that welcomes travelers from dozens of miles away.</p><br>
<p>The New Milford Plant of the Hackensack Water Company was a water treatment and pumping plant located on Van Buskirk Island, an artificially created island in the Hackensack River, in Oradell, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The site was purchased in 1881 by the Hackensack Water Company, which developed it for water supply use. The facility was built between 1881 and 1911, and it includes a brick pumping station from 1882, a tall filtration tower, and huge underground infrastructure. The Hackensack Water Company was merged into United Water in the 1980s; the successor today is Suez North America.</p><br>
<h2>Van Buskirk Island</h2><br>
<p>Van Buskirk Island is a man-made island formed in 1802, and was created by the dams for the mills, The Southern End was known as the old Dock, Upper Landing or Old Landing and was the official head of navigation on the Hackensack River (the highest point of navigable water on the river). Schooners plied the river regularly between Old Dock and New York City. The land was also an industrial center from Pre-Revolutionary War times with several types of mills: saw mills, bark mills, a woolen mill, and finally a gristmill. After this it was used as the site for the Hackensack Water Company from 1882. The site remains historically intact from 1911, including important steam equipment from the Industrial Revolution.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1990, United Water (formerly Hackensack Water Company) ceased using the site and offered it to Oradell, then Bergen County. The island is currently in a state of transition and the focus of a battle between the county and conservation groups regarding its future status and use as a park and/or recreational area. Preservation New Jersey voted the plant "One of 10 Most Endangered Historic Sites" in 1996. In 2002, the National Trust for Historic Preservation placed Hackensack Water Company site on its list of 11 Most Endangered National Historic Places. In May 2001, the site was listed on New Jersey Register of Historic Places - Period of Historic Importance 1882-1914. The site is currently in a state of disrepair, and although proposals have been made by Bergen County for what to do with the site, its future is uncertain. Bergen County Division of Historic and Cultural Affairs is attempting to build public support for redeveloping the site. In August 2011, the state awarded $704,000 to be administered by the New Jersey Historic Trust for the stabilization of buildings at the complex so that the site could be opened to the general public.</p><br>
<p>Calaveras Lake is a reservoir on Calaveras Creek, located 20 miles  southeast of Downtown San Antonio, Texas, USA. The reservoir was formed in 1969 by the construction of a dam to provide a cooling pond for a complex of power plants, to supply additional electricity to the city of San Antonio.</p><br>
<p>There are 4 coal-fired plants that use the lake for cooling. The two older and smaller plants are the J. T. Deely units 1&2, and the two larger newer plants are the J. K. Spruce units 1&2. There are also two gas-fired plants named O. W. Sommers units 1&2.(Submitted by an employee of CPS Energy for more complete information.)</p><br>
<p>Express-News, September 19, 2010</p><br>
<p>Byline: Tracy Idell Hamilt</p><br>
<p>The dam and lake are managed by CPS Energy of San Antonio. Together with the smaller Victor Braunig Lake, Calaveras Lake was one of the first projects in the nation to use treated wastewater for power plant cooling. The reservoir is partly filled with wastewater that has undergone both primary and secondary treatment at a San Antonio Water System treatment plant. Calaveras Lake also serves as a venue for recreation, including fishing and boating. Sailboats are prohibited on the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Fish and plant life</h2><br>
<p>Calaveras Lake has been stocked with many species of fish for recreational fishing. Fish present in Calaveras Lake include red drum, hybrid striped bass, catfish, largemouth bass.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational uses</h2><br>
<p>Thousand Trails Management Services operates the 147 acre (57 ha) public facility under contract with CPS Energy at the lake. The lake features facilities for camping, picknicking, fishing, boating, and hiking.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Calaveras Lake is the setting of one of the culminating scenes in the 1996 film Courage Under Fire, during which Matt Damon&#39;s character reveals his knowledge of the truth regarding the death of the character of Captain Karen Walden, the investigation of which constitutes the subject of the film up to that point.</p><br>
<p>Victor Braunig Lake, formerly known as East Lake, is a reservoir on Calaveras Creek and Chupaderas Creek 17 miles  south of Downtown San Antonio, Texas, USA. The reservoir was formed in 1962 by the construction of a dam to provide a cooling pond for a power plant to supply additional electrical supply to the city of San Antonio. The dam and lake are managed by CPS Energy of San Antonio. Together with Calaveras Lake, Braunig Lake was one of the first projects in the nation to use treated wastewater for power plant cooling. The reservoir is partly filled with wastewater that has undergone both primary and secondary treatment at a San Antonio Water System treatment plant. Braunig Lake also serves as a venue for recreation, including fishing and boating.</p><br>
<h2>Fish and plant life</h2><br>
<p>Braunig Lake has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing. Fish present in Braunig Lake include red drum, hybrid striped bass, catfish, and largemouth bass.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational uses</h2><br>
<p>Thousand Trails Management Services operates a public park facility at the lake. The park features facilities for camping, picknicking, fishing, boating, and hiking. Swimming is prohibited.</p><br>
<p>Cumalıkızık is a village in the Yıldırım district of Bursa Province, located 10 kilometers east of the city of Bursa, at the foot of Mount Uludağ. Its history goes back to the Ottoman Empire&#39;s foundation period. The village is now included within the border of the Yıldırım district as a neighbourhood. Cumalıkızık was founded as a vakıf village. The historical texture of the village has been well protected and the civilian countryside architectural structures of the early Ottoman period are still intact. Because of this, Cumalıkızık has become a popular but still unspoiled center for tourists.</p><br>
<p>A group of similar villages which are placed close together between the foot of mount Uludağ and the valleys have been called Kızık in Turkish. The name stands for one of the twenty-four clans of the Oghuz Turks and the people from the villages also called Kızık. Similar villages, less well preserved, are Değirmenlikızık, Derekızık, and Hamamlıkızık (see Kızık for other places named Kızık in Turkey). Hamamlıkızık was the village of the local baths (hamam), and Cumalıkızık was named because people gathered there on Friday (Cuma, in Turkish) for worship.</p><br>
<p>The Cumalıkızık ethnography museum in the village&#39;s square displays historical objects from the village. Every June there is a raspberry festival. The famous Cumalıkızık houses are made out of wood, adobe, rubblestones. Most of them are triplex houses. The windows upstairs are generally latticed and with a bay window. The handles and knockers on the main entry doors are made of wrought iron. Cobblestone streets are very narrow with no sidewalks, but a typical medieval gutter in the center for rain and waste water.</p><br>
<p>A mosque, the fountain of Zekiye Hatun next to the mosque and a bath with one dome are original from the Ottoman Empire. Also there is a ruin of a church built by Byzantines.</p><br>
<p>Cumalıkızık holds 270 historical houses. Some of these houses are in process of restoration and maintenance, and 180 of them are still being used as dwellings.</p><br>
<p>In 1969, the remains of a Byzantine church were unearthed southeast of the village in the foothills of Mt. Uludağ. Some architectural works are on display in the Archeological Museum of Bursa. Movies and television programs with historical settings have often been recorded in Cumalıkızık.</p><br>
<p>The Middle Atlas  is a mountain range in Morocco. It is part of the Atlas mountain range, a vast mountainous region with more than 100,000 km, 15 percent of its landmass, rising above 2,000 metres. The Middle Atlas is the northernmost of three Atlas Mountains chains that define a large plateaued basin extending eastward into Algeria as the Tell Atlas. South of the Middle Atlas and separated by the Moulouya and Um Er-Rbiâ rivers, the High Atlas stretches for 700 km with a succession of peaks among which ten reach above 4,000 metres. North of the Middle Atlas and separated by the Sebou River, the Rif mountains are an extension of the Baetic System, which includes the Sierra Nevada in the south of Spain. The Barbary macaque is native to the Middle Atlas, and chief populations occur only in restricted range in parts of Morocco and Algeria.</p><br>
<p>Snow persists in the Middle Atlas in the winter and can appear starting at 600 m above sea level. Its attractive rocky coast is not very hospitable. The basin of the Sebou is not only the primary transportation route between Atlantic Morocco and Mediterranean Morocco but is an area, watered by the Middle Atlas range, that constitutes the principal agricultural region of the country.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and ecology</h2><br>
<p>The Middle Atlas provinces cover 23,000 km in area, and comprise 18% of the total mountainous surface of Morocco. The provinces of Khènifra, Ifrane, Boulmane, Sefrou, Khemisset, El Hajeb as well as parts of the provinces of Taza and of Beni Mellal lie in the Middle Atlas region. Béni Mellal on the Oum Er-Rbia River is designated "the doorway to the Middle Atlas".</p><br>
<p>The Middle Atlas is a solid mountainous mass of 350 km in length in the north-east of Morocco with a unique charm. Its biodiversity, both in fauna and flora, make Middle Atlas a significant tourist destination. The region is noted for occurrence of the endangered primate, Barbary macaque, Macaca sylvanus; this monkey prehistorically had a much wider distribution throughout northern Morocco. Wild boar and polecat are also found within the Middle Atlas Range.</p><br>
<p>Its geo-morphologic structure is:</p><br>
<p>Primarily limestone.</p><br>
<p>Tabled rock in the west, running to elevations of 800 to 1,000 metres.</p><br>
<p>Folded rock toward the northeast and running to elevations exceeding 3000 m, with a highest point, the Jbel Bou Naceur at 3340 m.</p><br>
<p>Interspersed with volcanic plateaus.</p><br>
<p>Over the mountain slopes, extensive forests of cedar spread, intersected by deep valleys. Bordered by the rich Plaine du Saïs and the cities of Fes, Meknes and Beni Mellal, the mountainous reaches of the Middle Atlas are the stronghold of Berber tribes, speaking Tamazight and living at very low population densities.</p><br>
<p>The Middle Atlas is crossed by one of the principal access roads to the south Marocain, connecting Fes with Tafilalet. Located at the northeast of Atlas. The Middle Atlas ends in the east at Tazekka National Park, with a landscape replete with narrow canyons and caves. In the south of Sefrou, the forests of cedars, of holm oak and of cork oak alternate with plates volcanoic stripped and small full of fish lakes. The jewel of the Middle Atlas is it Ifrane National Park, located in causse atlassic between Khenifra and Ifrane.</p><br>
<p>The Middle Atlas high points are Jbel Bou Naceur (3340 m), then Jbel Mouâsker (3277 m), in the North, and finally Jbel Bou Iblane (3172 m), which lies close to Immouzer Marmoucha.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Because of its elevation, the Middle Atlas experiences snow during the winter months and a cool climate during the summer. The town of Ifrane enjoys sufficient snow during the winter months that it provides accommodations quite rare in Africa: it is a ski resort.</p><br>
<h2>Major Catchments</h2><br>
<p>The Middle Atlas includes four major catchment areas:</p><br>
<p>Le basin of Sebou: of a surface of approximately 40,000 km, discharging to the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>Le basin of Oum Errabiaa: extends on a surface from 35,000 km, discharging to the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>Le basin of Bou Regreg: cover a surface of about 10,000 km, discharging to the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>Le basin of Moulouya: takes its source in the Almssid region and drains both the Middle and the High Atlas, with a watershed of 74,000 km, discharging to the Mediterranean.</p><br>
<p>The Middle Atlas contributes abundant and the relatively regular flows to these rivers. Reservoirs have been developed for flood control, to improve tourism, and to create water reserves supporting the development of the arboriculture important to the agricultural industry of the region.</p><br>
<p>The University of Florida Campus Historic District is a historic district on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. The district, bounded by West University Avenue, Southwest 13th Street, Stadium Road and Gale Lemerand Drive, encompasses approximately 650 acre and contains 11 listed buildings plus contributing properties. On April 20, 1989, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. On June 24, 2008, additional information was approved which resulted in the addition of 6 contributing properties </p><br>
<h2>Listed buildings in the district</h2><br>
<h2>Contributing properties in the district</h2><br>
<h3>Added in 2008</h3><br>
<h2>Other campus buildings on the National Register</h2><br>
<h2>Destroyed buildings in the district</h2><br>
<p>Johnson Hall (originally known as University Commons) was UFs original dining hall. Located west of Dauer, it was designed by William Augustus Edwards, built 1912 and burned 1987. The Academic Advising Center now occupies the site.</p><br>
<p>Old Benton Hall (originally the Engineering Building), was designed by William Augustus Edwards, built 1911 and demolished 1966. Grinter Hall, built in 1971, now occupies the site.</p><br>
<p>Original Post Office, third building on campus, demolished before 1977 to make way for General Purpose Building A, now Turlington Hall.</p><br>
<h2>Campus landscaping</h2><br>
<p>In 1927 Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. did a landscape plan for UF. In 1931 the central plaza became the Plaza of the Americas.</p><br>
<p>Notch Lake is an artificial lake in Edgewood, New York, in the Town of Hunter in the Catskill Mountains. It is located near the Stony Clove Notch, and is located near the edge of the Devil&#39;s Tombstone Campsite, bordering New York State Route 214. There is also a parking lot near the shore. It is the beginning of the Stony Clove Creek.</p><br>
<p>One thing unusual about it is that it is one of the few places in the Catskills where there is a patch of Boreal Forest growing below 3,000 feet above sea level. A fire occurred near the northern shore in the 1990s.</p><br>
<p>Camping is not allowed at the day-use area next to the parking lot and Pond, however, camping is allowed a short walk South along Route 214 at the Devil&#39;s Tombstone Campground.</p><br>
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<p>The Acushnet River is the largest river, 8.6 mi long, flowing into Buzzards Bay in southeastern Massachusetts, in the United States. The name "Acushnet" comes from the Wampanoag or Algonquian word, "Cushnea", meaning "as far as the waters", a word that was used by the original owners of the land in describing the extent of the parcel they intended to sell to the English settlers from the nearby Plimouth colony. Quite naturally, the English mistook "Cushnea" for a fixed placename or the name of a specific river.</p><br>
<h2>Path of the river</h2><br>
<p>The source of the Acushnet River is Long Pond in Lakeville, Massachusetts. The root tributary, Squam Brook, flows out of Long Pond and through the settlement called Freetown before it fills the New Bedford Reservoir in the town of Acushnet. From the reservoir, the river continues southward, forming the dividing-line between Acushnet and the city of New Bedford. Then it divides New Bedford, on its western bank, from Fairhaven, on its eastern bank, before spilling into Buzzards Bay, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<h2>The six bridges</h2><br>
<p>The river is crossed by bridges six times. There are three short bridges in Acushnet, where the river is narrow. As the river leaves Acushnet, it widens to form an estuarine harbor, New Bedford harbor, which is flanked by New Bedford and Fairhaven. Shortly after the river leaves Acushnet, a larger bridge, the Coggeshall Street Bridge, crosses between Fairhaven and New Bedford. The fifth bridge is one that carries a large limited-access highway, Interstate 195, across the river, about 150 metres south of the Coggeshall Street span.</p><br>
<p>The sixth and last bridge is actually a complex of three small bridges that hopscotch from islet to islet across the breadth of New Bedford harbor, carrying US Route 6. Beginning on the western (New Bedford) side of the river, there is a short bridge over the shallow gut dividing the New Bedford bank from Fish Island. The second part of the traverse involves crossing the main river channel between Fish Island and Pope&#39;s Island via the New Bedford-Fairhaven Bridge, a swing bridge that originally opened in 1902. Finally, the road crosses the shallow eastern passage from Pope&#39;s Island to Fairhaven along the low-lying Pope&#39;s Island Bridge.</p><br>
<h2>The hurricane barrier</h2><br>
<p>Beginning in 1958, the New Bedford Harbor Hurricane Barrier was built from a point about one hundred metres north of Fort Phoenix, in Fairhaven, to Gifford Street on the New Bedford coast. The 20-foot high barrier continues onto land, where three large doors allow street traffic to pass through during calm seas. The longer segment continues along the New Bedford coast to just before Frederick Street. A discontiguous segment protects the top of Clark&#39;s Cove in New Bedford, roughly to the Dartmouth border.</p><br>
<p>The barrier consists of an arc of riprap and fill, approximately three kilometres long, surmounted by a service road. At the center of the marine structure is a control tower and a set of hydraulically operated doors that can be closed, when necessary, to shut out the surge of seawater that typically accompanies a major storm or hurricane. Taken as a whole, the barrier is the largest stone structure on the East Coast of the United States.</p><br>
<p>A structure with the same purpose, the Fox Point Hurricane Barrier, was constructed across the throat of Narragansett Bay, near Providence, Rhode Island, about forty kilometres from this structure spanning the mouth of the Acushnet.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>Historically, the river&#39;s banks were home to many mills, especially on the New Bedford side of the river. The river&#39;s mouth, which forms a small but well-sheltered harbor, has long served as the home port of New Bedford&#39;s commercial fishing fleet. It is also the birthplace of New Bedford&#39;s whaling industry; the Dartmouth, the first ship whose keel was laid in New Bedford, first set sail on this river. (The ship would go on to fame as one of those involved in the Boston Tea Party.) On the eastern (Fairhaven) shore, the mouth of the river is guarded by Fort Phoenix, a fortification that was involved, in 1775, in the first naval engagement of the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<p>The Contemporary Austin - Laguna Gloria, formerly known as the AMOA-Arthouse at Laguna Gloria, is the former home of Clara Driscoll and site of a 1916 Italianate-style villa on the shores of Lake Austin in Austin, Texas. It was the original home of the Austin Museum of Art and still houses some of its collections. The building is now one of two sites of The Contemporary Austin.</p><br>
<p>The building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before the influx of white settlers, Native Americans visited the site for its nearby spring (today underwater). The land that includes the property was originally owned by Stephen F. Austin, who in 1832 (seven years before Austin was founded) wrote that he wished to build a home there. This never came to pass.</p><br>
<p>In 1914 the property was purchased by Hal Sevier, editor of the Austin American, with his new wife Clara Driscoll. They completed their villa two years later, inspired by a honeymoon visit to Lake Como in Italy. Clara, an avid gardener, spent many years planting native and foreign plants around the site and designing the terraced gardens that remain to this day. In 1943 Driscoll donated the homesite to be used as a city museum.</p><br>
<p>In 1961, the site was converted to the Laguna Gloria Art Museum and became an important part of the Austin arts scene. Soon after, the museum began offering art classes, and in 1983, a 5,300 ft&sup2; facility was built specifically for the growing art school.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, the institution changed its name to the Austin Museum of Art, and four years later, moved its primary exhibition space to 823 Congress Avenue, in the heart of downtown Austin. Laguna Gloria remained the site of The Art School, and in 2003, the Driscoll Villa was renovated and again became an exhibition space, focusing on local and regional artists.</p><br>
<p>The site is immediately adjacent to Mayfield Park, also on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Texas Historical Commission marker text</h2><br>
<p>"This Mediterranean style villa was built in 1916 for Henry H. and Clara Driscoll Sevier. Named Laguna Gloria for a nearby lagoon off the Colorado River, the stuccoed home features a decorative window at San Jose Mission in San Antonio. In 1943 the site was conveyed to the Texas Fine Arts Assoc. by Clara Driscoll, best known for her efforts to preserve the Alamo. Her homesite is now owned by Laguna Gloria Art Museum." Recorded Texas Historic Landmark - 1983</p><br>
<p>The Levi Rock Shelter, named for former property owner Malcolm Levi, is an archeological site west of Austin, Texas where Paleo-Indian Native American artifacts dating back 10,000 years or more have been discovered.</p><br>
<p>Located along Lick Creek, the site was discovered in the mid-1950s and is believed to be the 7th-oldest paleolithic site in the United States. Many artifacts have been uncovered there, including Clovis points, carved bone cylinders, scrapers, awls, needles, punches, and incised and painted pebbles. Many are now in the care of the University of Texas.</p><br>
<p>The site, and its adjoining creek, are believed by local activists to be threatened by nearby development. The shelter was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Shadow Lawn Historic District is a historic district in central Austin, Texas that boasts a cohesive collection houses built in the southeast portion of Hyde Park during the late 1920s and 1930s.</p><br>
<p>Roughly bounded by 38th Street, 39th Street, Avenue G, and Duval Street, the district includes several homes of historic interest from the turn of the twentieth century, including the Col. Monroe M. Shipe House, Hildreth-Flanagan-Heierman House, Frank M. and Annie G. Covert House, Page-Gilbert House, Smith-Marcuse-Lowry House, and the Oliphant-Walker House. This subdivision was platted by Hyde Park founder Monroe Shipe and indicated by concrete markers, some of which still stand today. Shipe&#39;s own home is located at the corner of 39th Street and Avenue G. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Shadow Lawn&#39;s historical significance stems from the architecture of its houses. The district features a number of dwellings with modest Tudor Revival detailing characteristic of historicist "cottage" bungalows built in the 1930s. The dominance of this architectural form is an important feature that distinguishes the district from nearby housing clusters, as no other area in the northern suburbs of Austin contains as high a concentration of Tudor Revival dwellings. Unlike the bungalows in the nearby Hyde Park Historic District, these houses utilized more expensive masonry veneer rather than cheaper wood siding.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>Residents are served by the Austin Independent School District. Residents are assigned to Lee Elementary School, Kealing Middle School, and McCallum High School.</p><br>
<p>The Swedish Hill Historic District is a former Swedish enclave that is now a residential area of downtown Austin, Texas.</p><br>
<p>Development of this area began in the 1870s when a large number of Swedish immigrants erected homes near their downtown businesses. The first to build his home there was S. A. Lundell; soon thereafter Carl John Swahn built his house there, and many others followed. Eventually some sixty-seven Swedish immigrant families built homes in the vicinity and the neighborhood became known as Svenska Kullen (Swedish Hill)—originally bounded by Waller Street on the east, Red River Street on the west, 15th Street on the south, and 19th Street on the north (today Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard) — known more familiarly as Swede Hill.</p><br>
<p>These immigrants founded the first Swedish Methodist Church in Texas, and helped to establish Texas Wesleyan College, just north of the present-day University of Texas. Today the community comprises an eclectic mix of students and urban dwellers.</p><br>
<p>Over time, urban development, most notably the construction of I-35 and the Frank Erwin Center, shrunk the size of the community dramatically. In 1986, what remained was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description and significance</h2><br>
<p>Located on lots in the original City of Austin and subdivided and developed earlier than most other parts of East Austin, Swedish Hill was a residential neighborhood occupied by downtown business people and tradesmen. Its significance derives not only from the broad range of architectural styles which is represented in the District, but also from the fact that each building is an excellent example of its own particular style.</p><br>
<p>Architectural styles which are represented in the District are vernacular versions of the Victorian L plan, T plan, Cumberland plan, late Victorian corner-porch plan, Pyramidal plan, and Bungalow plan. All of the buildings are finely detailed; many display pleasing carpentry ornamentation in the forms of porch columns, balusters, railings, brackets, spindles, and a variety of siding and shingling types.</p><br>
<h2>Photo gallery</h2><br>
<p>The Rohwer War Relocation Center was a World War II Japanese American internment camp located in rural southeastern Arkansas, in Desha County. It was in operation from September 18, 1942 until November 30, 1945, and held as many as 8,475 Japanese Americans forcibly evacuated from California. The Rohwer War Relocation Center Cemetery is located here, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 10,161 acres of land on which Rohwer was built had been purchased by the Farm Security Administration from tax-delinquent landowners in the 1930s. It remained largely abandoned until the War Relocation Authority, which oversaw the World War II incarceration program, took it over in 1942. It planned to use this facility to incarcerate ethnic Japanese, including American citizens from West Coast areas considered strategic to the war effort. (Governor Homer Adkins initially opposed the WRA&#39;s proposal to build Rohwer and its neighbor, Jerome, in Arkansas, but relented after being assured that the Japanese American detainees would be controlled by armed white guards at these facilities and they would be removed from the state at the end of the war. During this era, Arkansas had Jim Crow laws and continued with its disenfranchisement of African-American citizens started at the turn of the century.</p><br>
<p>The Linebarger-Senne Construction Company was contracted to build the camp at a cost of $4.8 million; it worked under the supervision of the Army Corps of Engineers. The land was heavily forested and swampy due to its proximity to the Mississippi River 5 miles to the east. Extensive clearing and draining was necessary, making construction at the site a difficult and slow-going task. The camp was still under construction when the first inmates began to arrive. Ultimately the camp held administrative offices, schools, a hospital, and 36 residential blocks, each with twelve 20 by 120 barracks divided into several "apartments", as well as communal dining and sanitary facilities, all contained within a guarded barbed-wire fence.</p><br>
<p>The architect of the camp was Edward F. Neild of Shreveport, Louisiana, who also designed the camp at Jerome.</p><br>
<p>In 1943, the WRA required all adults in Rohwer and the other camps to submit to a series of questions. Officially, it was presented as the registration process to obtain clearance to leave camp for work or school — and it was initially distributed only to the citizen Nisei who were eligible for leave, before being extended to the first-generation Issei — but administrators soon began to focus instead on assessing the "loyalty" of imprisoned Japanese Americans.</p><br>
<p>The "loyalty questionnaire," as it came to be known, created anger and confusion because of two questions: one asked Japanese Americans if they were willing to volunteer for military service (despite their mistreatment by the government and the army) and the other if they would "forswear their allegiance to the Emperor of Japan" (although many had never held such allegiance in the first place). The set-up of the questions was confusing and interns were suspicious of their true purpose.</p><br>
<p>The loyalty questionnaire and subsequent recruitment efforts proved especially unpopular in the Jerome camp, located 27 miles south of Rohwer. Only 2 percent of eligible men in Jerome (and in Rohwer) enlisted. Some 2,147 others, a quarter of Jerome&#39;s population, were classified as "disloyal" after giving unfavorable responses to the questionnaire. They were transferred to the "segregation center" at Tule Lake, California. The decline in population, combined with earlier unrest over poor working conditions in the camp, resulted in authorities closing the Jerome camp at the end of June 1944. A significant number of former Jerome inmates were transferred to Rohwer.</p><br>
<p>Together with the Tule Lake Segregation Center, Rohwer was the last WRA camp to close, on November 30, 1945.</p><br>
<h2>Rohwer today</h2><br>
<p>The largest remaining structure is the high school gymnasium/auditorium, which was added to and was in service with the local school before it closed in July 2004. The tallest structure is the smokestack from the hospital incinerator. Neither of these is marked in any way to indicate historical significance. The rail line used to bring internees and supplies to the camp remains, though it is apparently abandoned. Some of the rails date back to World War II and before. This rail line also served the Jerome War Relocation Center, which was located 30 mi southwest of Rohwer.</p><br>
<p>Various building foundations, walkways, culverts and other improvements are still visible and some are still in use by the local residents. Trees planted by residents have grown tall.</p><br>
<p>The camp cemetery survives as the only site still identified as having been part of the internment center. It was listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1992. It has a monument to Japanese American war dead from the camp, and also a monument to those who died at the camp. The camp site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. A tank-shaped memorial, made of reinforced concrete, guards the cemetery, commemorating Japanese Americans who fought for the United States at Anzio and elsewhere in Italy and France during World War II. Thirty-one who came from Rohwer died in action, and their names are inscribed on the memorial, as well as a later memorial raised nearby.</p><br>
<p>In its National Historic Landmark summary on the Rohwer Relocation Center Cemetery, the National Park Service writes:</p><br>
<p>Rohwer Relocation Camp was constructed in the late summer and early fall of 1942 as a result of Executive Order 9066 (February 19, 1942). Under this order, over 110,000 Japanese Americans and their immigrant parents were forcibly removed from the three Pacific Coast States&mdash;California, Oregon, and Washington. In all, ten camps were established in desolate sites, all chosen for their distance from the Pacific Coast. Over 10,000 evacuees passed through Rohwer during its existence, and over two thirds of these were American citizens. The monuments found within the camp&#39;s cemetery are perhaps the most poignant record of this time."</p><br>
<p>In its summary on the Rohwer Relocation Center Cemetery, the National Park Service indicates that the cemetery&#39;s condition is threatened due to deterioration of the grave markers and monuments, but that ownership of the site is unclear.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery is located 0.5 mi west of State Route 1, approximately 12 mi northeast of McGehee, Arkansas. Signs identify the graded road which goes from the highway to the cemetery, where there is room to park automobiles.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage Site</h2><br>
<p>The Rohwer War Relocation Center site is now an Arkansas State University Heritage Site, and features a memorial, the camp cemetery, interpretive panels and audio kiosks.</p><br>
<p>The Japanese American Internment Museum opened in nearby McGehee, Arkansas in 2013 and serves as the history museum and unofficial visitor center for the Rohwer War Relocation Center. Exhibits include a film, oral histories, photographs and personal artifacts of the internees.</p><br>
<h2>Shooting of residents by a civilian at Rohwer</h2><br>
<p>M.C. Brown, a tenant farmer on horseback on his way home from deer hunting, came across some Japanese Americans from the Rohwer camp, on a work detail in the woods. He fired his gun, and one of the Japanese American men was struck in the hip by a pellet while another was wounded in the calf of the leg. The Japanese Americans were working in the woods under the supervision of a government engineer when the shooting occurred.</p><br>
<h2>Notable internees</h2><br>
<p>Ruth Asawa (1926-2013), Japanese American sculptor</p><br>
<p>Takayo Fischer (born 1932), American stage, film and TV actress; also interned at Jerome</p><br>
<p>Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga (born 1925), political activist; also interned at Manzanar and Jerome</p><br>
<p>Jim Ishida (born 1943), actor best known for his role as T. Fujitsu, Marty McFly&#39;s future boss in Back to the Future Part II in 1989</p><br>
<p>Janice Mirikitani (born 1941), current poet laureate of San Francisco; co-founded with her husband, the Rev. Cecil Williams, the Glide Foundation (Glide Memorial Church is featured in the Will Smith film The Pursuit of Happiness). Glide empowers San Francisco&#39;s disadvantaged members of society through extensive outreach and advocacy efforts.</p><br>
<p>Henry Sugimoto (1900–1990), Japanese-born artist; also interned at Jerome</p><br>
<p>George Takei (born 1937), activist, author, and actor best known as Captain Hikaru Sulu from Star Trek (1966–69). Since his parents refused to take a vow and did not "pass" the loyalty questionnaire, the family was later transferred to Tule Lake War Relocation Center.</p><br>
<p>Taitetsu Unno (1930-2014), Buddhist scholar, lecturer, and author; also interned at the Tule Lake War Relocation Center</p><br>
<p>Grayce Uyehara (1919-2014), Japanese-American social worker and activist</p><br>
<p>Bouquet Reservoir is an artificial lake in the Angeles National Forest of Los Angeles County, California about 15 mi west from Palmdale.</p><br>
<p>At elevation of 2,993 ft in the Sierra Pelona Mountains, the reservoir capacity is 36,500 acre.ft and is formed by Bouquet Canyon Dam on Bouquet Creek, which is a tributary of the Santa Clara River. The dam is constructed of earthfill and is 190 feet (58 m) tall, measured from the elevation of the original streambed.</p><br>
<p>The dam was built by the city of Los Angeles and was completed in 1934. The reservoir is part of the Los Angeles Aqueduct system, which is where it gets much of its water. Both are owned by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. The reservoir&#39;s drainage basin is only 13.6 square miles where the average annual rainfall is 8 in. Its purpose is to provide regulation of releases and to store water in case there is an interruption upstream.</p><br>
<p>The Kensico Reservoir is a reservoir located in the towns of Armonk , Harrison and Valhalla , New York. It was formed by the old earth and gravel dam, built in 1885, which impounded waters from the Bronx and Byram rivers, and supplied about 18 million gallons daily. The construction of a new masonry dam in 1915, replaced the old dam, and expanded the water supply by bringing water from the Catskill Mountains over a distance of more than 100 miles. It is about 3 miles  north of downtown White Plains, New York, and about 15 miles  north of New York City. The reservoir serves mainly to store the waters received from the Catskill Mountains west of the Hudson River. Along with the West Branch Reservoir and Boyds Corner Reservoir, it is one of only three reservoirs within the Catskill/Delaware system outside the Catskill Mountains region.</p><br>
<p>The Kensico Reservoir also provides for fishing and boating recreation. Every year, the reservoir is stocked with over 2,000 brown trout. According to the Department of Environmental Conservation, the Kensico Reservoir was stocked in April 2016 with 8620 brown Trout 8.5 to 9.5 in long.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As the population of New York City grew in the 19th century, so did the need for water. The first use of water from Westchester County came from the old Croton Dam (forming what was called Croton Lake), which was completed in 1842. In the 1880s, the City faced increasing demands for water and therefore needed to enlarge the Croton Reservoir to meet that need. The enlargement of the Croton Reservoir (with the construction of the New Croton Dam and the forming of the New Croton Reservoir) was completed in 1906 as a part of a system of reservoirs designed to bring water from Putnam and Westchester Counties (the Croton Watershed) to New York City.</p><br>
<p>The village of Kensico, NY was named in 1849 for a Siwanoy Indian chief, Cokenseko, who had sold most of the land surrounding White Plains to English settlers in the 1600s. In 1885, the old Kensico Dam was built south of the village of Kensico, NY as an additional source of water for New York City. The earth and gravel dam formed a small lake from water supplied by the Bronx River and the Byram River, but it was still not enough for the ever-increasing population of New York City. A reservoir was needed that would contain waters from various new reservoirs and act as a holding tank for distribution to New York City.</p><br>
<p>Kensico was surrounded by hills that came to a natural V-shape making it an ideal area to hold a vast amount of water. Just to the south of Kensico was Rye Pond and Little Rye Pond in Harrison, NY, which would eventually form part of the new reservoir. A nearby quarry in Harrison bordering Cranberry Lake, provided the necessary materials for building the new dam. Although relatively small—with a population of about 200 people—Kensico had houses, stores, churches, hotels and a railroad station.</p><br>
<p>In 1905, legislation was passed by New York State to allow money to be raised for the building of the Kensico Reservoir. The next year, final planning by the state was approved, and preliminary surveys were started. Seventeen miles of railroad track were privately built to carry materials from quarries at nearby Cranberry and Silver Lakes to the dam site; this spur railroad and a highway network had to be built to move supplies into place. A camp for the workers and their families had to be constructed, along with facilities such as schools for their children.</p><br>
<p>To prepare for the dam construction, each individual lot of land was condemned and appraised, and the owner paid a "fair value" for the land. Many of the families had to move to such surrounding communities as Armonk, Harrison, Valhalla and White Plains. The village of Kensico was then flooded to make way for the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>After the events of September 11, 2001 the road running across the top of the Kensico Dam was closed indefinitely for fear of an attempt to destroy the dam. A breach of the dam would result in a diminished supply of water to New York City and the flooding of many communities in Westchester. On September 11, 2005, a 9/11 memorial was completed and dedicated in the dam plaza. The memorial is dedicated to the 109 Westchester County residents who died in the attack. The roadway was reopened in May 2012 to pedestrian and bicycle traffic only.</p><br>
<h2>Dam construction</h2><br>
<p>Before constructing the existing Kensico Dam, the old Kensico Dam had to be removed; this began in 1911. The construction of the dam began in 1913 and was concluded in 1917—three years ahead of schedule—at a cost of more than $15,000,000. The dam is 1,843 feet (562 m) long. It stands 307 ft above its foundation and contains 1 Mcuft of masonry—as much masonry as the Egyptians used to build some of the pyramids. In one month, 2.5 million cubic yards of concrete were poured into blocks, which had to cure for three months before being swung onto the rising hyperbolic pile of dam. The dam is able to hold back about 30 e9USgal of water.</p><br>
<p>Frank E. Winsor was the engineer in charge of construction of Kensico as well as Hillview Reservoir and 32 mi of the Catskill Aqueduct.</p><br>
<p>New York City’s main contractor built a work camp at nearby Valhalla for the 1,500 men who worked on the dam at the height of construction. The water supply board created a mounted police force to keep order. Crews were largely made up of Italian immigrants, who began the long task of digging straight down to a depth of 110 ft to reach solid rock with no water-bearing seams. This entailed months of blasting and a number of fatal accidents. As the aqueduct neared completion in 1913, the work gangs at Kensico began laying the first of the concrete bricks of which the dam is built.</p><br>
<p>The tremendous influx of workers provided a period of prosperity for the surrounding area. New stores, rooming houses, hotels, restaurants and saloons met the needs of the workers and their families. Many of the construction families remained in the area after completion of the dam, contributing to the growth and character of Valhalla and its environs. The Kensico Reservoir was acquired as parkland in 1963 from the New York City Watershed Commission and remains the property of the New York City Department of Environmental Protection. Kensico Dam Plaza is a Westchester County Park.</p><br>
<h2>Water sources</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir is the collecting point for the water from all six reservoirs in the Catskill Mountains: the Ashokan Reservoir, the Cannonsville Reservoir, the Neversink Reservoir, the Pepacton Reservoir, the Rondout Reservoir, and the Schoharie Reservoir. It also receives water from the Croton Falls Reservoir, the Muscoot Reservoir, the New Croton Reservoir, and the West Branch Reservoir through the Catskill and Delaware aqueducts, along with water from Rye Lake.</p><br>
<p>The resulting body of water has a drainage basin of only 13 square miles, and holds 30.6 e9USgal of water at full capacity. The reservoir itself provides only 2% of NYC&#39;s water supply; the rest of the water comes from the reservoirs to which it connects. The water in the reservoir either provides NYC with water, or it travels down the spillway at the southernmost dam, and continues down the rest of the Bronx river, eventually flowing to the East River.</p><br>
<p>The water that does supply New York City travels down either the Catskill Aqueduct or the Delaware Aqueduct. If it goes down the Delaware Aqueduct, it will pass through Yonkers, and flow through the Hillview Reservoir. It then continues through The Bronx, Manhattan, Brooklyn, and then stops at Staten Island. If it flows through the Catskill Aqueduct, It will stop at the Hillview Reservoir, and continue on through The Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn, and then stop at Staten Island.</p><br>
<h2>Dam restoration</h2><br>
<p>In 2005 the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) announced and commenced a $31.4 million project to rehabilitate the Kensico Dam. The rehabilitation project consisted of reconstructing the colonnades at the ends of the dam; cleaning and repairing all stone masonry surfaces on the dam, reconstructing the lower pavilions, reconstructing the dam’s downstream terrace, reconstructing the spillway and spillway channel, cleaning the spillway discharge pipe, cleaning the internal galleries, installing new lighting and doors, reconstructing the Upper Gate Chamber, Lower Valve Chamber and Maintenance House, and performing final grading and landscaping towards end of the project.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>Kensico Reservoir sustains an active population of gamefish, supplemented by stocking, including brown trout, lake trout, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, perch, and grass pickerel. The size and depth of the reservoir allow Lake Trout in particular to thrive. Shore fishing is practiced in many areas, and boating is restricted to DEC licensed and inspected aluminum rowboats. No motor-boat of any kind are permitted on the reservoir, nor are recreational watercraft such as kayaks, rafts, or canoes.</p><br>
<p>In April 2015, the New York was stocked with 8560 brown trout fingerlings, in the Rye Lake section of Kensico Reservoir. The reservoir was formerly stocked with lake trout, however, this program was discontinued after it was determined they had established a sustainable breeding population.</p><br>
<h2>Kensico Dam Plaza</h2><br>
<p>Modern use of the dam is as a public park. Within the park at Kensico Dam Plaza, Westchester County has public showings of movies. The park provides a unique setting for a wide variety of activities including ethnic celebrations, concerts, antiques shows and arts and craft shows, as well as areas for picnicking, in-line skating, walking and nature study.</p><br>
<p>Tso Moriri or Lake Moriri or "Mountain Lake", is a lake in the Ladakhi part of the Changthang Plateau  in Jammu and Kashmir in northern India. The lake and surrounding area are protected as the Tso Moriri Wetland Conservation Reserve.</p><br>
<p>The lake is at an altitude of 4,522 m. It is the largest of the high altitude lakes entirely within India and entirely within Ladakh in this Trans-Himalayan biogeographic region. It is about 16 miles (26 km) north to south in length and two to three miles (3 to 5 km) wide. The lake has no outlet at present and the water is brackish though not very perceptible to taste.</p><br>
<p>The lake is fed by springs and snow-melt from neighboring mountains. Most water enters the lake in two major stream systems, one entering the lake from the north, the other from the southwest. Both stream systems include extensive marshes where they enter the lake. It formerly had an outlet to the south, but this has become blocked and the lake has become a endorheic lake. The lake is oligotrophic in nature, and its waters are alkaline.</p><br>
<p>Accessibility to the lake is largely limited to summer season, though Karzok on the northwest shore and the military facilities on the eastern shores have year-round habitation.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>As per a classification of the Himalayan Lakes done on the basis of their origin, there are four groups and Tso Moriri falls under the third group of “remnant lakes". The classification as reported states:</p><br>
<p>(i) Glacial lakes which are formed in and around glaciers; (ii) Structural lakes, formed by folds or faults due to movements in earth’s crust (e.g. Nainital lake in Uttarakhand), (iii) Remnant lakes which were originally structural but represent the remnants of vast lakes (e.g., Tso Moriri, Tso Kar, Pangong Tso in Ladakh, and Dal Lake in Kashmir), (iv) Natural dammed lakes i.e., temporary water bodies formed along the river courses due to deposition of rocks or debris e.g. Gohna Tal in Garhwal, Uttarakhand.</p><br>
<p>The Changthang Plateau in the eastern Ladakh represents a landscape of low productive ecosystems which protects unique floral and faunal species. The area is an extension of the western Tibetan plateau that lies above 4,500 m msl and supports diverse but low populations of several globally threatened mammals. The lake&#39;s basin could also be categorised as an basin since it is a closed drainage basin that retains water and allows no outflow to other bodies of water such as rivers or oceans.</p><br>
<p>The lake is 20 to 50 kilometers southeast of the elevated valley of the core Rupshu Valley and falls within the greater Rupshu Plateau and valley area. The lake is ringed by hills rising over 6,000 m. “Changpas", the nomadic migratory shepherds (pastoral community) of yak, sheep, goat, and horses of Tibetan origin and who are engaged in trade and work on caravans in Ladakh region, are the main inhabitants of the area. Changpa (Champa) herders use the land of this valley as grazing ground and for cultivation.</p><br>
<p>The Working Report (2006) of the Planning Commission of the Government of India also reports:</p><br>
<p>Despite a poor vegetation cover, relatively low standing biomass and high anthropogenic pressure, this area sustains a considerably high livestock population. Steady increase in the livestock population in the area is mainly attributed to influx of nomadic herders from Tibet during recent decades and promotion of Pashmina goat production by the Animal Husbandry Department (AHD) for fine quality under wool (Pashmina). The herders and AHD officials, in recent years have begun to raise concern over degradation of pastures, resultant shortage of forage, and mass mortality of livestock during severe winters.</p><br>
<p>The Korzok Monastery, on the western bank of the lake is 400 years old and attracts tourists and Buddhist pilgrims. Tourism during May – September attracts large number of foreign and local tourists even though tented accommodation is the facility available, apart from a small PWD guest house close to the Lake.</p><br>
<p>Northeast of Tso Moriri is a small lake which is known locally as Lake of Joy.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The lake is located to the southeast of Leh in eastern Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, at a road distance of 240 km. The road is in a good condition for the most part. One can also reach Tsomoriri directly from the Pangong Tso via the remote Changtang region. This is considered to be one of the most beautiful drives in the entire Ladakh region. Foreigners are not allowed to go beyond the Man - Merak villages on Pangong Tso as permits are not issued for them. The distance between Pangong Tso and Tso Moriri is 235 km and there are no petrol pumps in the area. Carrying enough fuel is therefore necessary. Leh is also connected by air with many destinations in India.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology and water quality</h2><br>
<p>The lake, draining a catchment area of 120 km&sup2; is enclosed by peaks exceeding 6,000 meters on both the east and west sides. On the south, a nearly flat valley connects with but does not drain into or out of the Pare Chu (river.) This valley contains the Nuro Sumdo wetlands (with a catchment area of 20 km&sup2;), a boggy area that mostly drains into the Pare Chu. Several small mountain streams feed the lake, including one through pasture land at Peldo Le. The lake is fed by springs and snow melt and has a maximum depth of 40 m. Aridity and cold desert conditions prevail in the lake region; with summer temperature varying from 0 ° to 30 °C (32 °-86 °F) and winter temperature recording &minus;10 ° and &minus;40 °C (14 ° to -40 °F). Geologically the lake is in Ordovician rock.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna and flora</h2><br>
<p>An avifaunal survey of the lake and its adjoining Nuro Sumdo wetland conducted in July 1996 revealed the following facts:</p><br>
<h3>Avifauna</h3><br>
<p>Thirty-four species of birds included 14 species of water birds (some are pictured in the gallery) of which following are the vulnerable species</p><br>
<p>Black-necked cranes (Grus nigricollis) endangered.</p><br>
<p>Bar-headed geese (Anser indicus)– only breeding ground in India</p><br>
<p>Brown-headed gulls (Larus brunnicephalus)</p><br>
<p>Great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus)</p><br>
<p>Ferruginous pochard</p><br>
<p>Black-necked grebe (Podiceps nigricollis)</p><br>
<h3>Mammals</h3><br>
<p>Tibetan gazelle, Procapra picticaudata, Goa antelope (threatened)</p><br>
<p>Lynx</p><br>
<p>Nayan Ovis ammon hodgsoni</p><br>
<p>Bharal (Pseudois nayaur) Himalayan blue sheep</p><br>
<p>Tibetan Ass (Kiang) or Equus kiang, endemic to the Tibetan Plateau</p><br>
<p>Great Tibetan Sheep</p><br>
<p>One species of marmot, Marmota himalayana in large numbers seen on the hill slopes surrounding the lake and also along the roadsides</p><br>
<p>One species of hare, Lepus oistolus</p><br>
<p>One species of vole, Alticola roylei</p><br>
<p>Three species of mouse hares, Ochotona macrotis, Ochotona curzoniae or Tibetan sand fox and Scincella ladacensis</p><br>
<h3>Large carnivores</h3><br>
<p>Carnivores fauna reported are:</p><br>
<p>the snow leopard (Uncia uncia)</p><br>
<p>the Tibetan wolf (Canis lupus chanco)</p><br>
<h3>Vegetation</h3><br>
<p>While the deeper parts of the lake have no vegetation, the shallow areas are reported to have Potamogeton sps. Marshes have several species of sedges and reeds, particularly Carex, Caragana and Astragalus sps., which are all representative of the surrounding arid steppe vegetation. Details of the Vegetation recorded in the area comprises the following:</p><br>
<p>Characteristic Caragana and Astragalus species</p><br>
<p>Potamogeton species</p><br>
<p>Several species of Carex, Primula (low growing herb), and Pedicularis(parasitic plant)</p><br>
<p>Common species of Juncus thomsonii and Leontopodium sp</p><br>
<p>Phytoplankton species of Oocystis with density was 900 cells/L to a depth of 25 m. Specimens of the diatom Cyclotella also recorded.</p><br>
<p>Pastures for domestic livestock</p><br>
<h3>Ramsar site</h3><br>
<p>Largely based on the ecological diversity of the Lake (explained in the previous section) and its surroundings, the Tsomiriri was notified in November 2002 under the List of Ramsar Wetland sites under the Ramsar Convention. The justification could be summarized as:</p><br>
<p>The faunal collection is unique and has a large variety with endemic and vulnerable species</p><br>
<p>The herbivore species are also endemic to the region</p><br>
<p>The lake plays a fundamental role as breeding grounds and key staging posts on migration routes for several water birds belonging to six families, which is distinctive of wetland diversity and productivity</p><br>
<h2>Threats to the lake</h2><br>
<p>There are a number of threats to the Lake, such as:</p><br>
<p>Increase in the number of tourists visiting the lake affecting the breeding of avifauna</p><br>
<p>Additional road construction along the lake</p><br>
<p>Pasture degradation affecting wildlife, particularly wild herbivores (marmots, hares, ungulates)</p><br>
<p>An increase in the grazing of sheep in the wetlands surrounding the lake</p><br>
<p>The absence of a proper garbage disposal facility at the lake.</p><br>
<p>Dogs kept by the people who live near the lake are known to attack the cranes and destroy their eggs.</p><br>
<p>Jeep safaris have been known to chase wildlife such as kiang and approach close to the breeding ground.</p><br>
<p>Lack of regulations and monitoring by the government.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation efforts</h2><br>
<p>The need for evolving a strategy and an action plan to preserve the extreme fragility of the lake ecosystem has been recognized with the needed emphasis at the National and International level to develop the lake conservation activity with participation of all stakeholders. The actions initiated in this direction are:</p><br>
<p>Tso Moriri is an administratively declared Wetland Reserve. Legally, shooting wildlife is prohibited. The State Department of Wildlife has set up a check post near Mahe Bridge at the entrance towards the lake.</p><br>
<p>WWF-India Project has established a field office at Korzok on the northwest shore of Tso Moriri for ‘Conservation of High Altitude Wetlands in Ladakh Region’ to carry out surveys, interact with tourists, tour guides, act as information centre and conduct education awareness programmes for locals, tourists etc.</p><br>
<p>Wildlife Institute of India has also set up a field station at Leh to carry out scientific research in the region. Nature clubs have been set up and Information booklet on the lake published. Efforts of WWF – India has also resulted in the local community declaring Tso Moriri as a ‘Sacred Gift for a Living Planet’ during the Annual Conference held in Nepal in November 2000.</p><br>
<p>Some of the other achievements so far reported on the Lake’s conservation are:</p><br>
<p>Regulation in consultation with local community Vehicular traffic flow and parking has been restructured with restriction of camping sites around the lake</p><br>
<p>The Indo Tibetan Border Petrol (ITBP), tour operators and local population have introduced regular garbage cleanup operations</p><br>
<p>Korzok community living around the lake has voluntarily built traditional and social fencing around the wetland to protect breeding and feeding grounds from vehicular traffic</p><br>
<p>Tso Moriri Conservation Trust has been set up.</p><br>
<p>Twenty Nature Clubs have been registered in different schools in Ladakh</p><br>
<p>The Indian Army has committed to support and set up a Nature Interpretation Centre at Hall of Fame, Leh.</p><br>
<h2>World Wildlife Fund’s (WWF) role</h2><br>
<p>World Wildlife Fund for Nature &mdash; India (WWF-India) is spearheading the efforts at conservation of the Tso Moriri lake in particular, and the Ladakh region in general. WWF’s activities as a NGO have spanned more than 30 years. The main objective set by WWF is the main activities planned for the Tso Moriri and other wetlands in Ladakh regions are:</p><br>
<p>The Promotion of Nature Conservation and Environmental Protection as the Basis for Sustainable and Equitable Development.</p><br>
<p>Evolve plan to establish a Sustainable Tourism Model managed by Local Communities at Tso Moriri</p><br>
<p>Carry on with the biological and socio-economic surveys around selected wetlands and document for future reference</p><br>
<p>Organize capacity building training programmes for Tour operators, Army, Teachers and local communities</p><br>
<p>Frequent education and awareness Programmes for various target groups</p><br>
<p>Management Planning for Tso Moriri and also Tsokar and Pangong Tso lakes by involving major stakeholders</p><br>
<p>To set guidelines for introducing Eco-Tourism Certification Scheme in Ladakh</p><br>
<p>To mobilise financial resources to carry out a comprehensive Strategic Environment Assessment</p><br>
<p>Develop Environmental Management Systems, implement and certify the Environment Management Systems with special focus on tourism sector</p><br>
<p>Maintain and enhance existing field presence at Tso Moriri, Leh, and Tsokar and increase presence at Chushul and Hanle marshes as well to achieve better results</p><br>
<p>Crymlyn Bog  is a nature reserve and a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest of international significance, near Swansea, south Wales.</p><br>
<p>It is the largest area of lowland fen in Wales and lies immediately to the eastern side of Kilvey Hill just north of the industrial area of Crymlyn Burrows.</p><br>
<p>Plantlife found in the bog is more typical of that found in East Anglia. Habitats range from swamps, carr (fen), water meadows and tall reed beds to waterlogged scrub consisting mainly of willow, where wetter areas merge with woodland. There are a number of plants found in the wetland that are rare in Great Britain. Examples of these include the slender cotton grass and lesser water plantain.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, surveys of Crymlyn Bog, Pant-y-Sais Fen and the inter-connecting wetlands identified the area as one of only three locations in the UK at which the fen raft spider is found.</p><br>
<p>The extent of the population is unknown but the quality of habitat at the site is considered good enough for the population to be stable.</p><br>
<p>The reserve is a haven for birds. Predatory visitors like the hen harrier, buzzard, hobby and the occasional marsh harrier visit the site regularly. The site provides an important refuge for a range of wetland birds like the bittern, water rail, sedge and reed warblers, bearded tit and grey heron, which can often be seen or heard there.</p><br>
<p>There is a visitor centre in the bog, which is frequented by nature and bird watching enthusiasts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It developed in ancient times in the estuary of the River Clydach and River Neath, which once flowed through the present day site of the bog.</p><br>
<p>The Crymlyn Bog is an historic boundary between South and West Wales, between the lordships of Morgannwg and Gwy^r, and between the medieval and modern (i.e. until 1923) dioceses of St. David&#39;s and Llandâf.</p><br>
<p>Part of the land was previously occupied by a BP oil refinery. Pany-y-Sais fen was largely owned by the CEGB who used the fen to dump PFA and by Swansea City Council who used it for landfill. Small parts were owned by the Neath and Tennant Canal Company and small parts of the canal still exist at the site.</p><br>
<p>With the surrounding industrialisation, encroaching residential districts and a polluting landfill site beside it, it was uncertain that the bog would survive. Andrew Lees, who later became Campaigns Director of Friends of the Earth started a campaign with the Swansea branch of FoE to protect the bog. At the northern limb of the bog at Pant-y-Sais fen, there is a memorial to Mr Lees, which carries a quotation from him: "At some point I had to stand up and be counted. Who speaks for the butterflies?"</p><br>
